Editing Treason (section)

===Muslim-majority countries===
Early in [[Islamic history]], the only form of treason was seen as the attempt to overthrow a just government or waging war against the State. According to Islamic tradition, the prescribed punishment ranged from imprisonment to the severing of limbs and the death penalty depending on the severity of the crime. However, even in cases of treason the repentance of a person would have to be taken into account.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 5 Al-Ma'idah|url=http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=244&region=EN|work=Al Islam|publisher=Ahmadiyya Muslim Community|access-date=17 November 2012}}</ref>

Currently, the consensus among major Islamic schools is that [[Apostasy in Islam|apostasy]] (leaving Islam) is considered treason and that the penalty is death; this is supported not in the [[Quran]] but in [[hadith]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Cooney|first=Daniel|title=Christian convert faces death penalty in Afghanistan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/mar/20/afghanistan.islam|access-date=17 November 2012|work=The Guardian|date=19 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Clerics Call for Christian Convert's Death Despite Western Outrage|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/clerics-call-for-christian-converts-death-despite-western-outrage|publisher=Fox News|access-date=17 November 2012|date=23 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Samir|first=Samir Khalil|title=Hegazi case: Islam's obsession with conversions|url=http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=10161|work=AsiaNews.it|publisher=AsiaNews C.F.|access-date=17 November 2012|date=29 August 2007}}</ref> This confusion between apostasy and treason almost certainly had its roots in the [[Ridda Wars]], in which an army of rebel traitors led by the self-proclaimed prophet [[Musaylima]] attempted to destroy the [[caliphate]] of [[Abu Bakr]].

In the 19th and early 20th century, the Iranian Cleric [[Sheikh Fazlollah Noori]] opposed the [[Iranian Constitutional Revolution]] by inciting insurrection against them through issuing fatwas and publishing pamphlets arguing that democracy would bring vice to the country. The new government executed him for treason in 1909.

In [[Malaysia]], it is treason to commit offences against the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]'s person, or to wage or attempt to wage war or abet the waging of war against the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]], a Ruler or [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri]]. All these offences are punishable by hanging, which derives from the English treason acts (as a former British colony, Malaysia's legal system is based on English [[common law]]).

[[Saudi Arabia]] accused 10 judges of treason, the crime that is punishable by death in the Kingdom. One of the judges, Abdullah bin Khaled al-Luhaidan sentenced [[Loujain al-Hathloul]] to five years and eight months in prison over "inciting change to the basic ruling regime". Such prison sentences were considered "lenient". The judges were forced to sign a confession that they were not giving tougher prison sentence to the activists and in the social media censorship cases. The treason charges were handed out to them in a secret hearing on 16 February 2023. After their detention, [[Mohammed bin Salman]]'s loyalist were made to hold their positions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/03/15/mbs-saudi-arabia-judges-lenient/|title=10 Saudi judges are charged with treason. They were too 'lenient.'|access-date=15 March 2023|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>

====Algeria====
[[File:Harki-j.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|A young [[Harki]], an Algerian who served the French during the Algerian War, circa 1961]]
In [[Algeria]], treason is defined as the following:
* attempts to change the regime or actions aimed at incitement
* destruction of territory, sabotage to public and economic utilities
* participation in armed bands or ''in insurrectionary movements''

====Bahrain====
In [[Bahrain]], plotting to topple the regime, collaborating with a foreign hostile country and threatening the life of the Emir are defined as treason and punishable by death. The [[State Security Law of 1974]] was used to crush dissent that could be seen as treasonous, which was criticised for permitting severe human rights violations in accordance with Article One:

{{blockquote|If there is serious evidence that a person has perpetrated acts, delivered statements, exercised activities, or has been involved in contacts inside or outside the country, which are of a nature considered to be in violation of the internal or external security of the country, the religious and national interests of the State, its social or economic system; or considered to be an act of sedition that affects or can possibly affect the existing relations between the people and Government, between the various institutions of the State, between the classes of the people, or between those who work in corporations propagating subversive propaganda or disseminating atheistic principles; the Minister of Interior may order the arrest of that person, committing him to one of Bahrain's prisons, searching him, his residence and the place of his work, and may take any measure which he deems necessary for gathering evidence and completing investigations.

The period of detention may not exceed three years. Searches may only be made and the measures provided for in the first paragraph may only be taken upon judicial writ.}}

====Palestine====
{{Further|Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip}}
In the areas controlled by the [[Palestinian National Authority]], it is treason to give assistance to Israeli troops without the authorization of the Palestinian Authority or to sell land to [[Jews]] (irrespective of nationality) or non-Jewish [[Israeli citizenship law|Israeli citizens]] under the [[Palestinian Land Laws]], as part of the PA's general policy of discouraging the expansion of [[Israeli settlement]]s. Both crimes are capital offences subject to the [[death penalty]], although the former provision has not often been enforced since the beginning of effective security cooperation between the [[Israel Defense Forces]], [[Israel Police]], and [[Palestinian National Security Forces]] since the mid-2000s (decade) under the leadership of Prime Minister [[Salam Fayyad]]. Likewise, in the [[Gaza Strip]] under the [[Hamas]]-led government, any sort of cooperation or assistance to Israeli security forces during military actions is also [[Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip|punishable by death]].