Editing Transport in Indonesia (section)

==== End of Perum DAMRI operations ====
[[File:Spanduk pemberhentian operasional bus kota Perum DAMRI di Surabaya (2022).jpg|thumb|A notification banner regarding the termination of regular city bus operations by Perum DAMRI is displayed on the Purabaya Terminal platform, 2022.]]

Based on a copy of the letter from the Land Transportation Observation Center (BPTD), as of September 1, 2022, Perum DAMRI has officially stopped all UABK or regular city bus services in Surabaya on the three routes it owns.<ref>{{cite news|author2=Cak Sur|date=September 5, 2022|title=Damri Bus Operations Stopped, Here's the Explanation from the Terminal Purabaya|url=https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2022/09/05/operational-bus-damri-dihentikan-begini-penjelasan-dari-bagian-terminal-purabaya|publisher=surabaya.tribunnews.com|access-date=September 20, 2022|author=Febrianto Ramadani|editor=Cak Sur|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|archive-date=2022-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922031619/https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2022/09/05/operational-bus-damri-dihentikan-begini-penjelasan-dari-bagian-terminal-purabaya|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Febrianto Ramadani|author2=Ndaru Wijayanto|date=September 5, 2022|title=DAMRI buses at Purabaya Terminal stop operating starting September 1, 2022|url=https://jatim.tribunnews.com/2022/09/05/damri-bus-di-terminal-purabaya-berhenti-beroperasi-mulai-1-september-2022|publisher=jatim.tribunnews.com|access-date=September 20, 2022|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|archive-date=2022-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929005345/https://jatim.tribunnews.com/2022/09/05/bus-damri-di-terminal-purabaya-berhenti-beroperasi-mulai-1-september-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> This operational cessation moment is twelve days after the inauguration of [[Trans Jatim]] on August 19, 2022 and two days before the fuel price increase on August 3, 2022.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Anitana Widya Puspa|author2=Rio Sandy Pradana|date=August 20, 2022|title=DAMRI operates Trans Jatim transportation, fares starting from Rp2,500|url=https://bisnis.com/amp/read/20220820/98/1568761/damri-operates-trans-jatim-transportation-tariff-starting-rp2500|publisher=bisnis.com|access-date=September 20, 2022}} {{dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Ardito Ramadhan|author2=Sabrina Asril|date=September 3, 2022|title=The price of Pertalite, Solar, and Pertamax fuel has officially increased starting today this|url=https://kompas.com/nasional/read/2022/09/03/13372151/harga-bbm-pertalite-solar-hingga-pertamax-resmi-naik-mulai-hari-ini|publisher=kompas.com|access-date=September 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172920/https://www.kompas.com/nasional/read/2022/09/03/13372151/harga-bbm-pertalite-solar-hingga-pertamax-resmi-naik-mulai-hari-ini|url-status=live}}</ref> Previously, Perum DAMRI was the sole operator on two regular city bus routes from the Purabaya Terminal such as the P4/PAC4 and P8/PAC8 routes. In addition, Perum DAMRI is one of the regular city bus operators for the P3/PAC3 route from Terminal Larangan, together with PO Estraa Mandiri, PO Akas NR and PO Ladju.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Febrianto Ramadhani|author2=Zainuddin|date=September 5, 2022|title=List of DAMRI buses that have stopped operating at Bungurasih Terminal, Sidoarjo|url=https://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2022/09/05/daftar-bus-damri-yang-berhenti-berpoperasi-di-terminal-bungurasi-sidoarjo|publisher=suryamalang.tribunnews.com|access-date=September 20, 2022|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921214728/https://suryamalang.tribunnews.com/2022/09/05/daftar-bus-damri-yang-berhenti-berpoperasi-di-terminal-bungurasi-sidoarjo|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=September 7, 2022|title=Three DAMRI Bus Routes in Surabaya Closed|url=https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/07/09/2022/tiga-trayek-bus-damri-di-surabaya-ditutup/?amp |access-date=September 20, 2022 |author=Dhimas Ginanjar |newspaper=[[Jawa Pos]] |archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172938/https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/07/09/2022/three-damri-bus-routes-in-surabaya-closed/?amp|url-status=live}}</ref>
Several news reports from the mass media stated that Perum DAMRI will reactivate regular city bus services on the P4/PAC4 route on the Purabaya-Tanjung Perak route via the Toll Road which still has passenger occupancy. The route of the route is planned to be extended (extension) to [[Bangkalan Terminal]].<ref>{{cite news|author=M. Sholahuddin|date=September 9, 2022|title=Until Bangkalan, There is a Plan for the DAMRI Bus Route to be Reactivated|url=https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/09/09/2022/sampai-bangkalan-ada-rencana-trayek-bus-damri-dihidupkan-lagi/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |newspaper=[[Jawa Pos]] |archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173643/https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/09/09/2022/sampai-bangkalan-ada-rencana-trayek-bus-damri-dihidupkan-lagi/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=September 12, 2022|title=DAMRI Bus Crew Asks for Immediate Realization of Route to Bangkalan|url=https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/12/09/2022/awak-bus-damri-minta-segera-realalisasi-rute-ke-bangkalan/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |author=Dhimas Ginanjar |newspaper=[[Jawa Pos]] |archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172818/https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/12/09/2022/awak-bus-damri-minta-segera-realalisasi-rute-ke-bangkalan/|url-status=live}}</ref> The discourse on extending the route had previously surfaced in 2009, but had not been realized.<ref>{{cite news|date=April 8, 2009|title=Damri Layani Bangkalan|url=https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2009/04/08/damri-layani-bangkalan|publisher=surabaya.tribunnews.com|access-date=September 20, 2022|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|archive-date=2022-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922084727/https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2009/04/08/damri-layani-bangkalan|url-status=live}}</ref> The discourse will be implemented at the end of 2022, when Perum DAMRI has received a grant in the form of 34 [[electric bus]] units produced by [[Railway Industry (company)|PT INKA]] after the [[G20 Bali Summit 2022|G20 Summit]] in [[Bali]] ends.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Lutfi|author2=Lutfiyu Handi|date=September 14, 2022|title=Dozens of electric buses will be on the road in Surabaya|url=https://lenteratoday.com/puluhan-bus-listrik-akan-mengaspal-di-surabaya/|publisher=lenteratoday.com|access-date=September 20, 2022|archive-date=2023-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327123724/https://lenteratoday.com/puluhan-bus-listrik-akan-mengaspal-di-surabaya/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=September 15, 2022|title=More Friendly Environment, Electric Buses Ready to Operate in Surabaya City|url=https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/15/09/2022/lebih-ramah-lingkungan-bus-listrik-siap-beroperasi-di-kota-surabaya/?amp |access-date=September 20, 2022 |author=Dhimas Ginanjar |newspaper=[[Jawa Pos]] |archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172445/https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/15/09/2022/lebih-ramah-lingkungan-bus-listrik-siap-beroperasi-di-kota-surabaya/?amp|url-status=live}}</ref>

===== Differences with modern city buses =====
<!-- {{see also|City buses in Jabodetabek|Teman Bus}} -->
[[File:11 Tampak Belakang Shelter Bus Kota Terminal Purabaya (2).jpg|thumb|The appearance of regular city bus units from several different bus companies and modern city bus units Suroboyo Bus owned by the Purabaya City Government parked on the Purabaya Terminal platform, 2021.]]
Before [[Bus Rapid Transit|bus rapid transit (BRT)]] was present in Indonesia, all city bus services generally still adopted a conventional (regular) management system and were similar to [[intercity bus]] services.<ref>{{cite news|author=Rindi Nuris Velarosdela|date=December 7, 2021|title=A Flashback of 17 Years of Transjakarta, the New Face of Public Transportation that is Now Often Involved Accident|url=https://www.kompas.com/megapolitan/read/2021/12/07/07595141/kilas-balik-17-tahun-transjakarta-wajah-baru-transportasi-publik-yang|publisher=kompas.com|access-date=September 21, 2022|editor=Rindi Nuris Velarosdela|work=[[Kompas.com]]|archive-date=2023-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327123718/https://www.kompas.com/megapolitan/read/2021/12/07/07595141/kilas-balik-17-tahun-transjakarta-wajah-baru-transportasi-publik-yang|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2004, it was only [[Transjakarta]] is present in [[Special Capital Region of Jakarta|Jakarta City]] as the first modern city bus service based on [[Bus Rapid Transit|road-based mass transportation]] and implementing [[BRT standards]] on an integrated [[Transport corridor|corridor]] network.<ref>{{cite web|author=PT Transportasi Jakarta|date=6 January 2019|title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Transjakarta Services|url=https://transjakarta.co.id/faq-transjakarta/|website=transjakarta.co.id|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921064754/https://transjakarta.co.id/faq-transjakarta/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Natisha Andarningtyas|author2=Jafar M. Sidik|date=4 December 2012|title=Regular buses and TransJakarta will be integrated|url=https://antaranews.com/amp/berita/346747/bus-reguler-dan-transjakarta-akan-diintegrasikan|publisher=antaranews.com|access-date=21 September 2022}} {{dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The implementation of these standards is a differentiator between [[Transjakarta]] as a modern city bus with several services such as [[Kopaja]], [[MetroMini]], [[Koantas Bima]], [[Kopami]], [[Miniarta]], [[Kowanbisata]], etc. as regular city buses or non-corridor city buses that already existed.<ref>{{cite news|author2=Burhan Sholihin|date=January 8, 2013|title=The Average Age of Jakarta City Buses is Over 22 Years|url=https://metro.tempo.co/read/452804/usia-bus-kota-jakarta-rata-rata-di-atas-22-tahun|publisher=metro.tempo.co|access-date=September 21, 2022|work=[[Tempo.co]]|author=Marifka Wahyu Hidayat|editor-first=Burhan Sholihin Koran - Red.|editor-last=Ut|archive-date=2022-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922102149/https://metro.tempo.co/read/452804/age-of-jakarta-city-buses-is-above-22-years|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author2=Immanuel Antonius|date=October 8, 2021|title=Conventional Transportation Must Change If It Doesn't Want to Become Extinct|url=https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/4679157/transportasi-konvensional-harus-berubah-jika-tak-ingin-punah|publisher=Liputan6.com|access-date=September 21, 2022|author=Sulaeman|editor-first=Ilyas Istianur|editor-last=Praditya|work=[[Liputan6.com]]|archive-date=2022-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922082151/https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/4679157/transportasi-konvensional-harus-berubah-jika-tak-ingin-punah|url-status=live}}</ref> The success of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in organizing public transportation with the Transjakarta service has become a pilot model for several local governments in implementing modern city buses in other big cities such as [[Trans Jogja]] (2008), [[Trans Semarang]] (2009), [[Batik Solo Trans]] (2010), [[Trans Musi]] (2010), [[Trans Sarbagita]] (2011), etc. The local government has started implementing a modern city bus operational scheme by converting regular city buses into modern city buses, or maintaining the existence of regular city buses.<ref>{{Cite news|author2=Hilda B. Alexander|date=September 20, 2020|title=Misunderstanding the Bus Rapid Transit System|url=https://www.kompas.com/properti/read/2020/09/20/151903721/mimisunderstanding-the-bus-rapid-transit-system|work=[[Kompas.com]]|access-date=September 21, 2022|author=Deddy Herlambang|editor-first=Hilda B|editor-last=Alexander|archive-date=2023-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327123726/https://www.kompas.com/properti/read/2020/09/20/151903721/pemahaman-keliru-sistem-bus-rapid-transit|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Anitana Widya Puspa|author2=Eusebio Chrysnamurti|date=September 22, 2020|title=The concept of bus rapid transit (BRT) outside Jakarta is still not right|url=https://bisnis.com/amp/read/20200922/98/1295123/konsep-bus-rapid-transit-brt-outside-jakarta-still-not-right|website=bisnis.com|access-date=September 21, 2022}} {{dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
In comparison with other big cities in Indonesia, the development of urban bus modes in Surabaya is relatively static and slower.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Dipo Wahjoeono Hariyono|author2=Wahyu Prawesthi|year=2015|title=Provision of public transportation in Surabaya|url=https://journal.itltrisakti.ac.id/index.php/jmtranslog/article/view/120|journal=Journal of Transportation & Logistics Management (JMTransLog)|volume=2|number=2|pages=177–190|access-date=2022-09-21|archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921123508/https://journal.itltrisakti.ac.id/index.php/jmtranslog/article/view/120|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Surabaya is the only city in East Java that still maintains regular city bus services, after similar services in [[Jember (city)|Jember City]] were deactivated in 2007–2008.<ref>{{cite web|author=RZ Hakim|date=October 1, 2012|title=Remembering DAMRI city bus transportation in Jember|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/acacicu/55181a6aa333117e07b6637c/mengenang-angkutan-kota-bus-damri-di-jember|website=kompasiana.com|access-date=September 21, 2022|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920181739/https://www.kompasiana.com/amp/acacicu/55181a6aa333117e07b6637c/mengenang-angkutan-kota-bus-damri-di-jember|url-status=live}}</ref> In the period between 1975–2015, regular city buses were still one of the main modes of public transportation within the city (besides [[transportation city]] and [[public passenger cars]]) that are able to survive and dominate the route network connecting strategic points in the city such as Purabaya Terminal, Larangan Terminal (Sidoarjo), Joyoboyo Terminal, Bratang Terminal, Jembatan Merah Plaza (JMP), [[Surabaya City Station|Semut Station]], [[Tanjung Perak Port]] ([[Ujung Baru Halte|Ujung Baru]]) and [[Tambak Osowilangon Terminal]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Ari Widayanti|author2=Soeparno|author3=Bhertin Karunia|year=2014|title=Problems and development of public transportation in Surabaya City|url=https://journal.unpar.ac.id/index.php/journaltransportasi/article/view/1374|journal=Jurnal Transportation|volume=14|number=1|pages=53–60|access-date=2022-09-21|archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921123508/https://journal.unpar.ac.id/index.php/journaltransportasi/article/view/1374|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the era of the glory of regular city buses began to decline and degrade since the 2010s, along with the start of the operation of [[Online motorcycle taxi|online transportation]] services and several modern city bus services or BRT in this city such as [[:File:Several Trans Sidoarjo Bus units on the Porong - Purabaya Terminal route queuing for departure hours from the Porong Terminal public transportation shelter.jpg|Trans Sidoarjo]] (2015), [[Suroboyo Bus]] (2018), [[Trans Semanggi Suroboyo]] (2021) and [[Trans Jatim]] (2022).<ref>{{cite web|author1=Aisyah Salma Izzatunnisa|author2=Panji Prayitno|date=August 11, 2022|title=List of public transportation in Surabaya complete with routes|url=https://liputan6.com/regional/read/5036528/daftar-transportasi-umum-di-surabaya-lengkap-dengan-rutenya|website=liputan6.com|access-date=September 21, 2022|archive-date=2022-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925220741/https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5036528/daftar-transportasi-umum-di-surabaya-lengkap-dengan-rutenya|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=M. Sholahuddin|date=April 27, 2022|title=This is Expert Advice for Regulating Public Transportation in Surabaya City|url=https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/04/27/2022/ini-saran-pakar-untuk-mengatur-transportasi-publik-di-kota-surabaya/?amp |newspaper=[[Jawa Pos]] |access-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921123507/https://www.jawapos.com/surabaya/27/04/2022/ini-saran-pakar-untuk-mengatur-transportasi-publik-di-kota-surabaya/?amp|url-status=live}}</ref> As of September 2022, the population of regular city buses has shrunk to less than fifty units, spread across only four routes such as routes D, F, P3/PAC3 and P5.<ref>{{cite web|author=Djoko Setijowarno|date=August 28, 2020|title=Efforts to revitalize public transportation in Surabaya|url=https://kumparan.com/amp/djoko-setijowarno/upaya-merevitilasasi-angkutan-umum-di-surabaya-1u5VAiBle8x|website=kumparan.com|access-date=September 21, 2022|archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921123506/https://kumparan.com/amp/djoko-setijowarno/upaya-merevitilasasi-angkutan-umum-di-surabaya-1u5VAiBle8x|url-status=live}}</ref>