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==Culture== [[File:Stage 20 Tour de France 2024 Col de la Couillole 42.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Quentin Pacher]] climbing [[Route des Grandes Alpes|Col de la Couillole]] on Tour de France 2024. The roads become narrow corridors with the spectators on the mountain stages.]] The Tour is an important cultural event for fans in Europe. Millions<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gofrance.about.com/od/tourdefrance/ss/06tourdefrance_2.htm |title=Tour de France Facts, Figures and Trivia |publisher=[[About.com]] |access-date=4 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914071106/http://gofrance.about.com/od/tourdefrance/ss/06tourdefrance_2.htm |archive-date=14 September 2008 }}</ref> line the route, some having camped for a week to get the best view. The Tour de France appealed from the start not just for the distance and its demands but because it played to a wish for national unity,{{sfn|Boeuf|Léonard|2003|p=67}} a call to what [[Maurice Barrès]] called the France "of earth and deaths" or what Georges Vigarello called "the image of a France united by its earth".<ref>''L'image d'une France unifiée par le sol'', Vigarello, Georges, Le Tour de France, p. 3807, cited Boeuf, p. 67.</ref> [[File:G.Bruno01.jpg|left|thumb|School book by Augustine Fouillée under the pen name G. Bruno]] The image had been started by the 1877 travel/school book {{lang|fr|[[Le Tour de la France par deux enfants]]}}.<ref group="n">A school book written by [[Augustine Tuillerie|Augustine Fouillée]] under the name G. Bruno and published in 1877, it sold 6 million by 1900, 7 million by 1914 and 8.4 million by 1976. It was used in schools until the 1950s and is still available.</ref> It told of two boys, André and Julien, who "in a thick September fog left the town of [[Phalsbourg]] in [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]] to see France at a time when few people had gone far beyond their nearest town". The book sold six million copies by the time of the first Tour de France,{{sfn|Boeuf|Léonard|2003|p=67}} the biggest selling book of 19th-century France (other than the Bible).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-276/lecture-9 |title=France Since 1871: Lecture 9 |chapter=Developments in Mass Politics: The Spread of Images and ''Imaginaire'' |last=Merriman |first=John M. |author-link=John M. Merriman |publisher=[[Open Yale Courses]] |date=3 October 2007}}</ref> It stimulated a national interest in France, making it "visible and alive", as its preface said. There had already been a car race called the Tour de France but it was the publicity behind the cycling race, and Desgrange's drive to educate and improve the population,{{sfn|Boeuf|Léonard|2003|p=70}} that inspired the French to know more of their country.{{sfn|Boeuf|Léonard|2003|p=74}} The academic historians Jean-Luc Boeuf and Yves Léonard say most people in France had little idea of the shape of their country until {{lang|fr|L'Auto}} began publishing maps of the race.{{sfn|Boeuf|Léonard|2003|p=75–76}} ===Arts=== The Tour has inspired several popular songs in France, notably {{lang|fr|P'tit gars du Tour}} (1932), {{lang|fr|Les Tours de France}} (1936) and {{lang|fr|Faire le Tour de France}} (1950). German electronic group [[Kraftwerk]] composed "[[Tour de France (song)|Tour de France]]" in 1983 – described as a minimalistic "melding of man and machine"<ref name="kraftwerk">Chris Jones, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/classicpop/reviews/kraftwerk_france.shtml Kraftwerk, Tour De France Soundtracks] ({{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623184431/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/classicpop/reviews/kraftwerk_france.shtml |date=23 June 2006}}), BBC, 4 August 2003.</ref> – and produced an album ''[[Tour de France Soundtracks]]'' in 2003, the centenary of the Tour. The Tour and its first Italian winner, [[Ottavio Bottecchia]], are mentioned at the end of [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s ''[[The Sun Also Rises]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gilhaney.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/a-splendid-thing/ |title=A splendid thing |date=16 November 2009}}</ref> From 2011 to 2015, American [[letterpress]] studio [[Lead Graffiti]] experimented with handset wood and [[metal type]] to print same-day posters documenting events of each stage of the Tour de France. The designers called the project "endurance letterpress". A 2013 article on the poster series appeared in ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' magazine's "Sports in Media" issue.<ref>{{cite news | first=Alexander | last=Wolff | title=Tour de Lead Graffiti | work=Sports Illustrated | date=16 December 2013}}</ref> In 2014 the [[British Library]] celebrated the Tour's fourth ''[[Grand Départ]]'' from the U.K. with an exhibition of ''Tour de Lead Graffiti'' posters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://blogs.bl.uk/americas/2014/07/tour-de-lead-graffiti-23-posters-in-23-days.html | title=Tour de Lead Graffiti: 23 posters in 23 days }}</ref> In films, the Tour was background for ''[[Five Red Tulips]]'' (1949) by [[Jean Stelli]], in which five riders are murdered. A burlesque in 1967, {{lang|fr|Les Cracks}} by [[Alex Joffé]], with [[Bourvil]] and Monique Tarbès, also featured it. Footage of the 1970 Tour de France is shown in [[Jorgen Leth]]'s experimental short ''[[Eddy Merckx in the Vicinity of a Cup of Coffee]]''. Patrick Le Gall made {{lang|fr|Chacun son Tour}} (1996). The comedy, {{lang|fr|[[Le Vélo de Ghislain Lambert]]}} (2001), featured the Tour of 1974. In 2005, three films chronicled a team. The German {{lang|de|Höllentour}}, translated as ''[[Hell on Wheels (2004 film)|Hell on Wheels]]'', recorded 2003 from the perspective of [[Team Columbia|Team Telekom]]. The film was directed by Pepe Danquart, who won an Academy Award for live-action short film in 1993 for ''Black Rider'' ({{lang|de|Schwarzfahrer}}).<ref>{{cite news |title =Blood, sweat and gears |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date =27 May 2005 |url =http://www.smh.com.au/news/Film/Blood-sweat-and-gears/2005/05/26/1116950807781.html |access-date =27 May 2007}}</ref> The Danish film ''Overcoming'' by Tómas Gislason recorded the 2004 Tour from the perspective of [[Team CSC]]. ''Wired to Win'' chronicles [[Française des Jeux (cycling team)|Française des Jeux]] riders [[Baden Cooke]] and Jimmy Caspar in 2003. By following their quest for the points classification, won by Cooke, the film looks at the working of the brain. The film, made for IMAX theaters, appeared in December 2005. It was directed by Bayley Silleck, who was nominated for an Academy Award for documentary short subject in 1996 for ''[[Cosmic Voyage (1996 film)|Cosmic Voyage]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title ="Wired" is winning tour of race, brain |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date =30 December 2005 |url =http://www.boston.com/movies/display?display=movie&id=8598 |access-date =11 July 2008 |first=Wesley |last=Morris}}</ref> A fan, Scott Coady, followed the 2000 Tour with a handheld video camera to make ''The Tour Baby!''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thetourbaby.com/ |title=The Tour Baby |publisher=Big Ring Films|work=TheTourBaby.com |access-date=29 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720132543/http://thetourbaby.com/ |archive-date=20 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which raised $160,000 to benefit the [[Lance Armstrong Foundation]],<ref>{{cite web |last = Melvin |first = Ian |title = The Tour Baby! |publisher = RoadCycling.com |date = 8 October 2004 |url = http://www.roadcycling.com/news-results/tour-baby |access-date = 17 August 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150211021326/http://www.roadcycling.com/news-results/tour-baby |archive-date = 11 February 2015 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> and made a 2005 sequel, ''Tour Baby Deux!''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tourbabydeuxmovie.com/ |title=Tour Baby Deux Movie |publisher=Big Ring Films |access-date=29 June 2013 |archive-date=19 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719044739/http://tourbabydeuxmovie.com/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{lang|fr|Vive Le Tour}} by [[Louis Malle]] is an 18-minute short of 1962. The 1965 Tour was filmed by [[Claude Lelouch]] in {{lang|fr|Pour un Maillot Jaune}}. This 30-minute documentary has no narration and relies on sights and sounds of the Tour. In fiction, the 2003 animated feature {{lang|fr|Les Triplettes de Belleville}} (''[[The Triplets of Belleville]]'') ties into the Tour de France. [[Netflix]], partnered with the organizer Amaury Sport Organisation, has produced a documentary series about the eight major teams across the [[2022 Tour de France]] named ''[[Tour de France: Unchained]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=ASO confirms new details of Netflix-Tour de France deal with eight major teams |url=https://www.velonews.com/news/road/aso-confirms-new-details-of-netflix-tour-de-france-deal-with-eight-major-teams/ |work=[[VeloNews]] |first=Andrew |last=Hood |date=31 March 2022}}</ref> It was released in June 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=5 juicy moments from Tour de France: Unchained |url=https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-culture/5-juicy-moments-from-unchained-tour-de-france/ |work=[[VeloNews]] |first=Fred |last=Dreier |date=8 June 2023}}</ref> ===Post-Tour criteriums=== After the Tour de France there are [[criterium]]s in the Netherlands and Belgium. These races are public spectacles where thousands of people can see their heroes from the Tour de France race. The budget of a criterium is over 100,000 euros, with most of the money going to the riders. Jersey winners or big-name riders earn between 20 and 60 thousand euros per race in start money.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ftp.cyclingnews.com/features/?id=post_tour_crits |title=Fixed for the fans – the post-TdF criteriums |publisher=cyclingnews.com |access-date=21 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201162217/http://ftp.cyclingnews.com/features/?id=post_tour_crits |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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