Editing Sugar (section)

=== Cognition ===

Despite some studies suggesting that sugar consumption causes hyperactivity, the quality of evidence is low<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Del-Ponte |first1=Bianca |last2=Quinte |first2=Gabriela Callo |last3=Cruz |first3=Suélen |last4=Grellert |first4=Merlen |last5=Santos |first5=Iná S. |date=2019 |title=Dietary patterns and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165032718329720 |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |language=en |volume=252 |pages=160–173 |doi=10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.061|pmid=30986731 |hdl=10923/18896 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and it is generally accepted within the scientific community that the notion of children's 'sugar rush' is a myth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mantantzis |first1=Konstantinos |last2=Schlaghecken |first2=Friederike |last3=Sünram-Lea |first3=Sandra I. |last4=Maylor |first4=Elizabeth A. |date=2019-06-01 |title=Sugar rush or sugar crash? A meta-analysis of carbohydrate effects on mood |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763418309175 |journal=Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews |volume=101 |pages=45–67 |doi=10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.016 |pmid=30951762 |issn=0149-7634}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolraich |first=Mark L. |date=1995-11-22 |title=The Effect of Sugar on Behavior or Cognition in Children: A Meta-analysis |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.1995.03530200053037 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=274 |issue=20 |pages=1617–1621 |doi=10.1001/jama.1995.03530200053037 |pmid=7474248 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref> A 2019 [[meta-analysis]] found that sugar consumption does not improve [[mood (psychology)|mood]], but can lower alertness and increase fatigue within an hour of consumption.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mantantzis|first1=Konstantinos|last2=Schlaghecken|first2=Friederike|last3=Sünram-Lea|first3=Sandra I.|last4=Maylor|first4=Elizabeth A.|date=1 June 2019|title=Sugar rush or sugar crash? A meta-analysis of carbohydrate effects on mood|journal=Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews|language=en|volume=101|pages=45–67|doi=10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.016|pmid=30951762|s2cid=92575160|url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/115618/1/WRAP-Sugar-rush-crash-meta-analysis-carbohydrate-effects-mood-Maylor-2019.pdf|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506043832/http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/115618/1/WRAP-Sugar-rush-crash-meta-analysis-carbohydrate-effects-mood-Maylor-2019.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> One review of low-quality studies of children consuming high amounts of [[energy drink]]s showed association with higher rates of unhealthy behaviors, including smoking and excessive alcohol use, and with hyperactivity and [[insomnia]], although such effects could not be specifically attributed to sugar over other components of those drinks such as [[caffeine]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Visram | first1=Shelina | last2=Cheetham | first2=Mandy | last3=Riby | first3=Deborah M | last4=Crossley | first4=Stephen J | last5=Lake | first5=Amelia A | title=Consumption of energy drinks by children and young people: a rapid review examining evidence of physical effects and consumer attitudes | journal=BMJ Open | volume=6 | issue=10 | pages=e010380 | date=1 October 2016 | issn=2044-6055 | pmid=27855083 | pmc=5073652 | doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010380 | url=}}</ref>