Editing Stockholm (section)

== Transport ==
{{Main|Transport in Stockholm}}

=== Public transportation ===
[[File:SL C20 Gamla Stan, Stockholm.jpg|thumb|left|A southbound full-length (3 car) [[Bombardier C20|C20 metrotrain]] departing from the [[Gamla stan metro station|Gamla Stan station]]]]
Stockholm has an extensive [[public transport]] system. It consists of the [[Stockholm Metro]] ({{langx|sv|Tunnelbanan}}), which consist of three colour-coded main systems (green, red and blue) with seven lines (10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19); the [[Stockholm commuter rail]] ({{langx|sv|Pendeltåget}}) which runs on the state-owned railroads on six lines (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48); four [[Trams in Stockholm|light rail/tramway lines]] ([[Spårväg City|7]], [[Nockebybanan|12]], [[Lidingöbanan|21]], and [[Tvärbanan|22]]); the [[Swedish three foot gauge railways|891 mm]] [[narrow-gauge railway]] [[Roslagsbanan]], on three lines (27, 28, 29) in the northeastern part; the local railway [[Saltsjöbanan]], on two lines (25, 26) in the southeastern part; a large number of bus lines, and the inner-city [[Djurgården ferry]]. The overwhelming majority of the land-based public transport in Stockholm County (save for the airport buses/[[Arlanda Express|airport express trains]] and other few commercially viable bus lines) is organized under the common umbrella of [[Storstockholms Lokaltrafik]] (SL), an {{Lang|sv|[[aktiebolag]]}} wholly owned by [[Stockholm County Council]]. Since the 1990s, the operation and maintenance of the SL public transport services are contracted out to independent companies bidding for contracts, such as [[MTR Corporation|MTR]], which operate the Metro. The archipelago boat traffic is handled by [[Waxholmsbolaget]], which is also wholly owned by the County Council.

[[File:Number 7 tram bound for Sergels Torg in Stockholm Sweden.png|thumb|right|An [[Bombardier Flexity Classic|A34 tram]] on [[Spårväg City|line 7]] at [[Djurgårdsbron]]]]
SL has a common ticket system in the entire Stockholm County, which allows for easy travel between different modes of transport. The tickets are of two main types, single ticket and [[travel card]]s, both allowing for unlimited travel with SL in the entire Stockholm County for the duration of the ticket validity. On 1 April 2007, a zone system (A, B, C) and price system was introduced. Single tickets were available in forms of cash ticket, individual unit pre-paid tickets, pre-paid ticket slips of 8, SMS-ticket and machine ticket. Cash tickets bought at the point of travel were the most expensive and pre-paid tickets slips of 8 are the cheapest. A single ticket costs SEK&nbsp;32 with the card and SEK&nbsp;45 without and is valid for 75 minutes. The duration of the travel card validity depended on the exact type; they were available from 24 hours up to a year. As of 2018, a 30-day card costs SEK&nbsp;860. Tickets of all these types were available with reduced prices for students and persons under 20 and over 65 years of age. On 9 January 2017, the zone system was removed, and the cost of the tickets was increased.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nya priser 2017 - SL |url=http://sl.se/sv/info/nyheter/nya-priser-2017/?date=true |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319115629/http://sl.se/sv/info/nyheter/nya-priser-2017/?date=true |archive-date=19 March 2017 |access-date=19 March 2017 }}</ref>

==== The City Line Project ====
{{Main|Stockholm City Line}}
With an estimated cost of SEK&nbsp;16.8&nbsp;billion (January 2007 price level), which equals 2.44&nbsp;billion US dollars, the [[Stockholm City Line|City Line]], an environmentally certified project, comprises a {{convert|6|km|abbr=on}}-long commuter train tunnel (in rock and water) beneath Stockholm, with two new stations (Stockholm City and Stockholm Odenplan), and a {{convert|1.4|km|abbr=on}}-long railway bridge at [[Enskede-Årsta|Årsta]]. The City Line was built by the Swedish Transport Administration in co-operation with the City of Stockholm, Stockholm County Council, and Stockholm Transport, SL. As [[Stockholm Central Station]] is overloaded, the purpose of this project was to double the city's track capacity and improve service efficiency. Operations began in July 2017.<ref name="trafikverket1">{{Cite web |title=The Stockholm City Line |url=http://www.trafikverket.se/en/startpage/projects/Railway-construction-projects/The-Stockholm-City-Line/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |publisher=[[Swedish Transport Administration]]  |archive-date=30 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730015258/http://www.trafikverket.se/en/startpage/projects/Railway-construction-projects/The-Stockholm-City-Line |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Barrow |first=Keith |date=10 July 2017 |title=Stockholm City Line opens |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/commuter-rail/stockholm-city-line-opens.html |magazine=[[International Railway Journal]] |access-date=28 July 2017 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728213510/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/commuter-rail/stockholm-city-line-opens.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Between [[Riddarholmen]] and Söder Mälarstrand, the City Line runs through a submerged concrete tunnel.<ref name="trafikverket1" /> As a green project, the City Line includes the purification of waste water; noise reduction through sound-attenuating tracks; the use of synthetic diesel, which provides users with clean air; and the recycling of excavated rocks.<ref name="trafikverket1" />

=== Roads ===
[[File:Norra Länken nov 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Norra länken]] (North link) motorway in Stockholm]]
Stockholm is at the junction of the [[International E-road network|European routes]] [[European route E4|E4]], [[European route E18|E18]] and [[European route E20|E20]]. A [[Stockholm Ring Road|half-completed motorway ring road]] exists on the south, west and north sides of the City Centre. The northern section of the ring road, Norra Länken, opened for traffic in 2015 while the final subsea eastern section is being discussed as a future project. A bypass motorway for traffic between Northern and Southern Sweden, [[Förbifart Stockholm]], is being built. The many islands and waterways make extensions of the road system both complicated and expensive, and new motorways are often built as systems of tunnels and bridges.

==== Congestion charges ====
{{Main|Stockholm congestion tax}}

[[File:Betalstation 2010.jpg|right|thumb|A control point for the congestion charge leading up to [[Essingeleden]]]]
Stockholm has a [[congestion pricing]] system, the Stockholm congestion tax,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congestion tax in Stockholm from 1 August |url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____17154.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302045327/http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____17154.aspx |archive-date=2 March 2007 |access-date=2 August 2007 |publisher=[[Road Administration (Sweden)|Swedish Road Administration]]}}</ref> in use on a permanent basis since 1 August 2007,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trängselskatt i Stockholm |url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____10911.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709043015/http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____10911.aspx |archive-date=9 July 2007 |access-date=1 August 2007 |publisher=[[Road Administration (Sweden)|Swedish Road Administration]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2007 |title=Odramatisk start för biltullarna |work=[[Dagens Nyheter]] |url=https://www.dn.se/sthlm/odramatisk-start-for-biltullarna/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930205105/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1298&a=676098 |archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> after having had a seven-month trial period in the first half of 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stockholmsförsöket |url=http://www.stockholmsforsoket.se/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715053128/http://www.stockholmsforsoket.se/ |archive-date=15 July 2007 |access-date=18 July 2007 |publisher=Stockholmsförsöket }}</ref> The City Centre is within the congestion tax zone. All the entrances and exits of this area have unmanned control points operating with [[automatic number plate recognition]]. All vehicles entering or exiting the congestion tax affected area, with a few exceptions, have to pay 10–20&nbsp;[[Swedish krona|SEK]] (1.09–2.18&nbsp;[[Euro|EUR]], 1.49–2.98&nbsp;[[United States dollar|USD]]) depending on the time of day between 06:30 and 18:29. The maximum tax amount per vehicle per day is SEK&nbsp;60 (EUR&nbsp;6.53).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tider och belopp |url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____21106.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703093159/http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____21106.aspx |archive-date=3 July 2007 |access-date=1 August 2007 |publisher=[[Road Administration (Sweden)|Swedish Road Administration]]}}</ref> Payment is done by various means within 14 days after one has passed one of the control points; one cannot pay at the control points.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betalning |url=http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____10914.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629033634/http://www.vv.se/templates/page3____10914.aspx |archive-date=29 June 2007 |access-date=1 August 2007 |publisher=[[Road Administration (Sweden)|Swedish Road Administration]]}}</ref>

After the trial period was over, consultative referendums were held in Stockholm Municipality and several other municipalities in Stockholm County. The then-reigning government ([[Persson Cabinet]]) stated that they would only take into consideration the results of the referendum in [[Stockholm Municipality]]. The opposition parties ([[Alliance (Sweden)|Alliance for Sweden]]) stated that if they were to form a cabinet after the [[2006 Swedish general election|general election]]—which was held the same day as the congestion tax referendums—they would take into consideration the referendums held in several of the other municipalities in [[Stockholm County]] as well. The results of the referendums were that the Stockholm Municipality voted for the congestion tax, while the other municipalities voted against it. The opposition parties won the general election and a few days before they formed government ([[Reinfeldt Cabinet]]) they announced that the congestion tax would be reintroduced in Stockholm, but that the revenue would go entirely to road construction in and around Stockholm. During the trial period and according to the agenda of the previous government the revenue went entirely to public transport.

=== Ferries ===
[[File:Viking Grace in Stockholm.jpg|thumb|left|[[MS Viking Grace|''Viking Grace'']], one of many [[cruiseferry|cruiseferries]] on the routes to [[Finland]] and [[Åland]]]]
Stockholm has regular ferry lines to [[Helsinki]] and [[Turku]] in Finland (commonly called "[[Baltic Sea cruiseferries|Finlandsfärjan]]"); [[Mariehamn]], [[Åland]]; [[Tallinn]], Estonia; Riga, Latvia, and to [[Saint Petersburg]] in Russia. The large [[Stockholm archipelago]] is served by the archipelago boats of [[Waxholmsbolaget]] (owned and subsidized by Stockholm County Council). Additionally, there are many for-profit private companies offering tours and regular service in the archipelago.

=== City bikes ===
Between April and October, during the warmer months, it is possible to rent [[Stockholm City Bikes]] by purchasing a bike card online or through retailers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traffic and public transport |url=http://international.stockholm.se/Tourism-and-history/Transport1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621050824/http://international.stockholm.se/Tourism-and-history/Transport1/ |archive-date=21 June 2012 |access-date=19 May 2012 |publisher=international.stockholm.se}}</ref> Cards allow users to rent bikes from any Stockholm City Bikes stand spread across the city and return them in any stand.<ref name="citybikes1">[http://www.citybikes.se/en/User-information-/] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925120557/http://www.citybikes.se/en/User-information-/|date=25 September 2010}}</ref> There are two types of cards: the Season Card (valid from 1 April to 31 October) and the 3-day card. When their validity runs out they can be reactivated and are therefore reusable.<ref>{{Cite web |title=To buy a bike card |url=http://www.citybikes.se/en/To-buy-a-bike-card/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327033422/http://www.citybikes.se/en/To-buy-a-bike-card/ |archive-date=27 March 2013 |access-date=19 May 2012 |publisher=Citybikes.se}}</ref> Bikes can be used for up to three hours per loan and can be rented from Monday to Sunday from 6 am to 10 pm.<ref name="citybikes1" /> These bikes have unfortunately not been a huge success because of people throwing them into the water or destroying them. Although the city bikes are not the only victims of this, [[Motorized scooter|e-scooters]] get similar treatment.

=== Airports ===
{{Location map+|Sweden South|width=250|caption=Map showing the locations of airports around Stockholm|places=

{{Location map~|Sweden South|lat_deg=59|lat_min=21|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg=18|lon_min=04|lon_dir=E|label=|position=left|mark=Green pog.svg}}

{{Location map~|Sweden South|lat_deg=59|lat_min=39|lat_sec=07|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg=17|lon_min=55|lon_sec=07|lon_dir=E|label='''[[Stockholm-Arlanda Airport|ARN]]'''|position=top|mark=Airplane silhouette.svg}}

{{Location map~|Sweden South|lat_deg=59|lat_min=21|lat_sec=16|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg=17|lon_min=56|lon_sec=23|lon_dir=E|label='''[[Stockholm Bromma Airport|BMA]]'''|position=left|mark=Airplane silhouette.svg}}

{{Location map~|Sweden South|lat_deg=58|lat_min=47|lat_sec=19|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg=16|lon_min=54|lon_sec=44|lon_dir=E|label='''[[Stockholm Skavsta Airport|NYO]]'''|position=right|mark=Airplane silhouette.svg}}

{{Location map~|Sweden South|lat_deg=59|lat_min=35|lat_sec=22|lat_dir=N
|lon_deg=16|lon_min=38|lon_sec=01|lon_dir=E|label='''[[Stockholm-Västerås Airport|VST]]'''|position=left|mark=Airplane silhouette.svg}}

}}
* International and domestic:
** [[Stockholm Arlanda Airport]] {{Airport codes|ARN|ESSA}} is the largest and busiest airport in Sweden with 27&nbsp;million passengers in 2017. It is located about {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} north of Stockholm and serves as a hub for [[Scandinavian Airlines]].
** [[Stockholm Bromma Airport]] {{Airport codes|BMA|ESSB}} is located about {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Stockholm, also serves as a hub for [[Braathens Regional Airlines|BRA]] (Braathens Regional Airlines).
* Only international:
** [[Stockholm Skavsta Airport]] {{Airport codes|NYO|ESKN}} is located {{convert|108|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of Stockholm. It is located {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} away from [[Södermanland County]] capital [[Nyköping]].
** [[Stockholm Västerås Airport]] {{Airport codes|VST|ESOW}} is located {{convert|103|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Stockholm, in the city of [[Västerås]].

The ''[[Arlanda Express]]'' [[airport rail link]] runs between [[Arlanda North Station|Arlanda Airport]] and [[Stockholm Central Station]]. With a journey of 20 minutes, the train ride is the fastest way of travelling to the city centre. [[Arlanda Central Station]] is also served by commuter, regional and intercity trains.

Additionally, there are also bus lines, [[Flygbussarna]], that run between central Stockholm and all the airports.

{{As of|2010}} there are no airports specifically for [[general aviation]] in the Stockholm area.

=== Inter-city trains ===
[[File:Stockholm centralstation 2017 -1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Stockholm Central Station]]]]
[[Stockholm Central Station]] has train connections to many Swedish cities as well as to [[Oslo Central Station|Oslo, Norway]], [[Copenhagen Central Station|Copenhagen, Denmark]] and [[Hamburg Hauptbahnhof|Hamburg, Germany]]. The popular [[X 2000]] service to [[Gothenburg]] takes three hours. Most of the trains are run by [[SJ AB]].