Editing Shanghai (section)

== Society ==
Urban Plan and infrastructure

After the opening of the port, Shanghai carried out a large number of municipal constructions by the Public Concession Municipal Council, including power plants and water plants. The "Greater Shanghai Plan" formulated in 1927 was the earliest urban master plan for Shanghai. Now, Shanghai's urban planning is carried out in accordance with the "Shanghai Urban Master Plan" (1999–2020) approved by the State Council in May 2001, with the construction of an international economic, financial, trade and shipping center as the core. In the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall, you can see the corresponding urban planning model within the scope of more than 100 square kilometers of the inner ring road made at a scale of 1:500.

Yangshupu Water Plant

In the decades after 1949, municipal construction remained at the stage of building new workers' housing and replacing electricity and water pipes. Since the 1990s, Shanghai has started large-scale municipal construction, widely promoting flat-to-slope projects (converting the flat roofs of old houses into sloped roofs) and roof water tank renovation projects. Illegal buildings and dirty roads are also rectified every year. Taking the opportunity of hosting the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, the Shanghai municipal government has carried out large-scale renovations on the city landscape, roads, and residential buildings. Shanghai has a large area of shantytowns in history. In the 1990s, 3.65 million square meters of dilapidated shanties were renovated, but the shantytowns in Caojia Village and Guangfu Road have never been started due to cost issues. The urban village landscape, which is in sharp contrast with the surrounding high-rise buildings, remains to this day.

Before Shanghai opened its port, all gardens were private gardens, the most famous of which were Yuyuan, Luxiang Garden, Guyi Garden, Qiuxia Garden, Zuibaichi, etc. After the opening of the port, public gardens began to appear, and the public garden born in 1868 was the first park. But before 1928, Chinese people were not allowed to enter the parks built by the Municipal Council and the Municipal Council. At present, except for individual parks such as Shanghai Zoo and Shanghai Wild Animal Park, park tickets have been cancelled in Shanghai. Since 2000, in order to purify the city's air and beautify the environment, Shanghai has begun to build a number of open green spaces in the city center and suburbs. By 2008, the total green area of Shanghai was 34,256 hectares, the public green area was 14,777 hectares, and the urban green coverage rate was 38%. The total forest area of the city reached nearly 100,000 hectares, and the forest coverage rate was 11.6%.

In order to solve the huge demand for funds for large-scale municipal construction since the 1990s, some officials of the Shanghai Municipal Government led a major reform of Shanghai's investment and financing system, first using the land resources in the hands of the government and introducing the financing method of land lease. During this period, Shanghai raised more than 100 billion yuan through land lease. In 1997, affected by the Asian financial crisis, Shanghai's land lease was greatly reduced, but the scale of the domestic securities market expanded rapidly, residents' savings deposits continued to grow, and social surplus funds increased. Faced with this situation, the Shanghai Municipal Government formulated policies to push profitable infrastructure projects to the market and implement social financing, and at the same time formulated a number of measures to reduce the risk of enterprises participating in financing. In the 1990s, Shanghai raised more than 200 billion yuan through social channels. At the same time, Shanghai actively draws on international experience, and through further improving development mechanisms; expanding the participation of capital markets and social insurance funds in financing; exploring the use of internationally accepted financing methods such as BOT and BOO; and increasing public financial support, further expanding the scope and capacity of financing to meet the needs of municipal construction.