Editing Sepsis (section)

== References ==
{{Reflist |refs=

<ref name=CDC2014Q>{{cite web |title= Sepsis Questions and Answers |url= https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/basic/qa.html |website= cdc.gov |publisher= [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date= 28 November 2014 |date= 22 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141204083832/http://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/basic/qa.html |archive-date= 4 December 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name=Tint2011>{{cite book | vauthors = Jui J |chapter= Ch. 146: Septic Shock | veditors = Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD | collaboration = [[American College of Emergency Physicians]] |title= Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide |edition= 7th |location= New York |publisher= [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] |pages= 1003–14 |year= 2011 |isbn=9780071484800 }}</ref>

<ref name="Deutschman2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Deutschman CS, Tracey KJ | title = Sepsis: current dogma and new perspectives | journal = Immunity | volume = 40 | issue = 4 | pages = 463–475 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24745331 | doi = 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.001 | name-list-style = vanc | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name= "Sepsis–3_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC | display-authors = 6 | title = The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) | journal = JAMA | volume = 315 | issue = 8 | pages = 801–810 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26903338 | pmc = 4968574 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2016.0287 }}</ref>

<ref name= "SSC–G2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, Kumar A, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Nunnally ME, Rochwerg B, Rubenfeld GD, Angus DC, Annane D, Beale RJ, Bellinghan GJ, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith C, De Backer DP, French CJ, Fujishima S, Gerlach H, Hidalgo JL, Hollenberg SM, Jones AE, Karnad DR, Kleinpell RM, Koh Y, Lisboa TC, Machado FR, Marini JJ, Marshall JC, Mazuski JE, McIntyre LA, McLean AS, Mehta S, Moreno RP, Myburgh J, Navalesi P, Nishida O, Osborn TM, Perner A, Plunkett CM, Ranieri M, Schorr CA, Seckel MA, Seymour CW, Shieh L, Shukri KA, Simpson SQ, Singer M, Thompson BT, Townsend SR, Van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Wiersinga WJ, Zimmerman JL, Dellinger RP | display-authors = 6 | title = Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016 | journal = Intensive Care Medicine | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 304–377 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28101605 | doi = 10.1007/s00134-017-4683-6 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=Martin2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Martin GS | title = Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: changes in incidence, pathogens and outcomes | journal = Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = 701–706 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22734959 | pmc = 3488423 | doi = 10.1586/eri.12.50 }}</ref>

<ref name=Fang2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fang F, Zhang Y, Tang J, Lunsford LD, Li T, Tang R, He J, Xu P, Faramand A, Xu J, You C | display-authors = 6 | title = Association of Corticosteroid Treatment With Outcomes in Adult Patients With Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | journal = JAMA Internal Medicine | volume = 179 | issue = 2 | pages = 213–223 | date = February 2019 | pmid = 30575845 | pmc = 6439648 | doi = 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5849 }}</ref>

<ref name=Long2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Long B, Koyfman A | title = Controversies in Corticosteroid use for Sepsis | journal = The Journal of Emergency Medicine | volume = 53 | issue = 5 | pages = 653–661 | date = November 2017 | pmid = 28916121 | doi = 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.05.024 }}</ref>

<ref name=NEJM2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Angus DC, van der Poll T | title = Severe sepsis and septic shock | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 369 | issue = 9 | pages = 840–851 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23984731 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra1208623  | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="1992consensus">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine | journal = Chest | volume = 101 | issue = 6 | pages = 1644–1655 | date = June 1992 | pmid = 1303622 | doi = 10.1378/chest.101.6.1644 | url = http://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1584 | quote = Septicemia... has been used... in a variety of ways... We therefore suggest that this term be eliminated from current usage. | collaboration = The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. [[American College of Chest Physicians]]/[[Society of Critical Care Medicine]] }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid12682500">{{cite journal | vauthors = Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, Cohen J, Opal SM, Vincent JL, Ramsay G | display-authors = 6 | title = 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference | journal = Critical Care Medicine | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 1250–1256 | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12682500 | doi = 10.1097/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B | url = http://www.esicm.org/upload/file4.pdf | url-status = live | s2cid = 19605781 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002142/http://www.esicm.org/upload/file4.pdf | archive-date = 24 September 2015 }}</ref>

<ref name=Hospital2012>{{cite book | veditors = McKean S, Ross JJ, Dressler DD, Brotman DJ, Ginsberg JS  |title= Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine |year= 2012 |publisher= [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] |location= New York |isbn= 978-0071603898 |chapter= Ch. 138: Sepsis | vauthors = Felner K, Smith RL |pages= 1099–109}}</ref>

<ref name=MedLP>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000666|Sepsis}}. Retrieved 29 November 2014.</ref>

<ref name= "Mandell2014">{{cite book | veditors = Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ |editor3-link=Martin J. Blaser  |year= 2014 |title= Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases |location= Philadelphia |publisher= [[Elsevier|Elsevier Health Sciences]] |isbn= 9780323263733 | vauthors = Munford RS, Suffredini AF |chapter= Ch. 75: Sepsis, Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=73pYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA914 |pages= 914–34 |edition= 8th}}</ref>

<ref name="Polat">{{cite journal | vauthors = Polat G, Ugan RA, Cadirci E, Halici Z | title = Sepsis and Septic Shock: Current Treatment Strategies and New Approaches | journal = The Eurasian Journal of Medicine | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–58 | date = February 2017 | pmid = 28416934 | pmc = 5389495 | doi = 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2017.17062 }}</ref>

<ref name="BlochID">{{cite book | vauthors = Bloch KC |chapter= Ch. 4: Infectious Diseases | veditors = McPhee SJ, Hammer GD |title= Pathophysiology of Disease |edition= 6th |location= New York |publisher= [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill]] |year= 2009 |isbn= 9780071621670 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ramachandran2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ramachandran G | title = Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis: a brief review | journal = Virulence | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 213–218 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24193365 | pmc = 3916377 | doi = 10.4161/viru.27024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Delalove2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Delaloye J, Calandra T | title = Invasive candidiasis as a cause of sepsis in the critically ill patient | journal = Virulence | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 161–169 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24157707 | pmc = 3916370 | doi = 10.4161/viru.26187 }}</ref>

<ref name=NPR>{{cite web|title=Synergy Between Nurses And Automation Could Be Key To Finding Sepsis Early|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/22/583846656/synergy-between-nurses-and-automation-could-be-key-to-finding-sepsis-early|publisher= [[NPR]] |series= [[All Things Considered]] | vauthors = Harris R |date= 22 February 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227201532/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/22/583846656/synergy-between-nurses-and-automation-could-be-key-to-finding-sepsis-early |archive-date= 27 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Wacker2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wacker C, Prkno A, Brunkhorst FM, Schlattmann P | title = Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = The Lancet. Infectious Diseases | volume = 13 | issue = 5 | pages = 426–435 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23375419 | doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70323-7 | url = https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-dbt-20160830-1116291 }}</ref>

<ref name=Morris2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Morris E, McCartney D, Lasserson D, Van den Bruel A, Fisher R, Hayward G | title = Point-of-care lactate testing for sepsis at presentation to health care: a systematic review of patient outcomes | journal = The British Journal of General Practice | volume = 67 | issue = 665 | pages = e859–e870 | date = December 2017 | pmid = 29158243 | pmc = 5697556 | doi = 10.3399/bjgp17X693665 }}</ref>

<ref name=Soong2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Soong J, Soni N | title = Sepsis: recognition and treatment | journal = Clinical Medicine | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 276–280 | date = June 2012 | pmid = 22783783 | pmc = 4953494 | doi = 10.7861/clinmedicine.12-3-276 }}</ref>

<ref name=Simpson2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Simpson SQ | title = New Sepsis Criteria: A Change We Should Not Make | journal = Chest | volume = 149 | issue = 5 | pages = 1117–1118 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 26927525 | doi = 10.1016/j.chest.2016.02.653 | quote = We believe that adopting a more restrictive definition that requires further progression along the sepsis pathway may delay intervention in this highly time-dependent condition, with additional risk to patients. | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=Vincent2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vincent JL, Martin GS, Levy MM | title = qSOFA does not replace SIRS in the definition of sepsis | journal = Critical Care | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 210 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27423462 | pmc = 4947518 | doi = 10.1186/s13054-016-1389-z | quote = We hope this editorial will clarify that the qSOFA is meant to be used to raise suspicion of sepsis and prompt further action—it is not a replacement for SIRS and is not part of the definition of sepsis. | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=Fernando2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fernando SM, Tran A, Taljaard M, Cheng W, Rochwerg B, Seely AJ, Perry JJ | title = Prognostic Accuracy of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment for Mortality in Patients With Suspected Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 168 | issue = 4 | pages = 266–275 | date = February 2018 | pmid = 29404582 | doi = 10.7326/M17-2820 | s2cid = 3441582 }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid17948334">{{cite journal | vauthors = Abraham E, Singer M | title = Mechanisms of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction | journal = Critical Care Medicine | volume = 35 | issue = 10 | pages = 2408–2416 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17948334 | doi = 10.1097/01.CCM.0000282072.56245.91 | s2cid = 12657048 }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid15636651">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A | title = International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics | journal = Pediatric Critical Care Medicine | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 2–8 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15636651 | doi = 10.1097/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6 | s2cid = 8190072 }}</ref>

<ref name="Backes2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Backes Y, van der Sluijs KF, Mackie DP, Tacke F, Koch A, Tenhunen JJ, Schultz MJ | title = Usefulness of suPAR as a biological marker in patients with systemic inflammation or infection: a systematic review | journal = Intensive Care Medicine | volume = 38 | issue = 9 | pages = 1418–1428 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22706919 | pmc = 3423568 | doi = 10.1007/s00134-012-2613-1 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mayr2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mayr FB, Yende S, Angus DC | title = Epidemiology of severe sepsis | journal = Virulence | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 4–11 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24335434 | pmc = 3916382 | doi = 10.4161/viru.27372 }}</ref>

<ref name=Machowicz2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Machowicz R, Janka G, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W | title = Similar but not the same: Differential diagnosis of HLH and sepsis | journal = Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology | volume = 114 | pages = 1–12 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28477737 | doi = 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Satar2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Satar M, Ozlü F | title = Neonatal sepsis: a continuing disease burden | journal = The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics | volume = 54 | issue = 5 | pages = 449–457 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 23427506 | url = http://www.turkishjournalpediatrics.org/pediatrics/pdf/pdf_TJP_1099.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141219145816/http://www.turkishjournalpediatrics.org/pediatrics/pdf/pdf_TJP_1099.pdf | archive-date = 19 December 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name=Critical2005>{{cite book | veditors = Hall JB, Schmidt GA, Wood LD | vauthors = Ely EW, Goyette RE |chapter= Ch. 46: Sepsis with Acute Organ Dysfunction |title= Principles of Critical Care |year= 2005 |publisher= [[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill Medical]] |location= New York |isbn= 978-0071416405 |edition= 3rd}}</ref>

<ref name=Shukla2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shukla P, Rao GM, Pandey G, Sharma S, Mittapelly N, Shegokar R, Mishra PR | title = Therapeutic interventions in sepsis: current and anticipated pharmacological agents | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 171 | issue = 22 | pages = 5011–5031 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 24977655 | pmc = 4253453 | doi = 10.1111/bph.12829 }}</ref>

<ref name="Park2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Park BS, Lee JO | title = Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes | journal = Experimental & Molecular Medicine | volume = 45 | issue = 12 | pages = e66 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24310172 | pmc = 3880462 | doi = 10.1038/emm.2013.97 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cross2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cross AS | title = Anti-endotoxin vaccines: back to the future | journal = Virulence | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 219–225 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 23974910 | pmc = 3916378 | doi = 10.4161/viru.25965 }}</ref>

<ref name=Fournier2005>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fournier B, Philpott DJ | title = Recognition of Staphylococcus aureus by the innate immune system | journal = Clinical Microbiology Reviews | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–540 | date = July 2005 | pmid = 16020688 | pmc = 1195972 | doi = 10.1128/CMR.18.3.521-540.2005 }}</ref>

<ref name=Leentjens2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Leentjens J, Kox M, van der Hoeven JG, Netea MG, Pickkers P | title = Immunotherapy for the adjunctive treatment of sepsis: from immunosuppression to immunostimulation. Time for a paradigm change? | journal = American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | volume = 187 | issue = 12 | pages = 1287–1293 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23590272 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.201301-0036CP }}</ref>

<ref name=Antonopoulou2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Antonopoulou A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ | title = Immunomodulation in sepsis: state of the art and future perspective | journal = Immunotherapy | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 117–128 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21174562 | doi = 10.2217/imt.10.82 }}</ref>

<ref name="Yuki">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yuki K, Murakami N | title = Sepsis pathophysiology and anesthetic consideration | journal = Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 57–69 | date = 6 January 2016 | pmid = 25567335 | pmc = 4704087 | doi = 10.2174/1871529x15666150108114810 }}</ref>

<ref name=Fujishima2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fujishima S | title = Organ dysfunction as a new standard for defining sepsis | journal = Inflammation and Regeneration | volume = 36 | issue = 24 | pages = 24 | date = 1 November 2016 | pmid = 29259697 | pmc = 5725936 | doi = 10.1186/s41232-016-0029-y | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name= Nimah2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nimah M, Brilli RJ | title = Coagulation dysfunction in sepsis and multiple organ system failure | journal = Critical Care Clinics | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 441–458 | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12848314 | doi = 10.1016/s0749-0704(03)00008-3 }}</ref>

<ref name="Marik2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marik PE | title = Iatrogenic salt water drowning and the hazards of a high central venous pressure | journal = Annals of Intensive Care | volume = 4 | pages = 21 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 25110606 | pmc = 4122823 | doi = 10.1186/s13613-014-0021-0 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="Marik2014Chest">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marik PE | title = Early management of severe sepsis: concepts and controversies | journal = Chest | volume = 145 | issue = 6 | pages = 1407–1418 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24889440 | doi = 10.1378/chest.13-2104 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.661.7518 }}</ref>

<ref name=Daniels2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Daniels R | title = Surviving the first hours in sepsis: getting the basics right (an intensivist's perspective) | journal = The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | volume = 66 | issue = Suppl 2 | pages = ii11–ii23 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21398303 | doi = 10.1093/jac/dkq515 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=SIGN139>{{cite book | author=Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) | author-link=Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network |series=Guideline 139 |title= Care of Deteriorating Patients | location=Edinburgh | publisher=SIGN | date=May 2014 | url=http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN139.pdf | isbn=978-1-909103-26-9 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811121805/http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN139.pdf | archive-date=11 August 2014 | df=dmy-all | access-date=6 December 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name=Sterling2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sterling SA, Miller WR, Pryor J, Puskarich MA, Jones AE | title = The Impact of Timing of Antibiotics on Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | journal = Critical Care Medicine | volume = 43 | issue = 9 | pages = 1907–1915 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26121073 | pmc = 4597314 | doi = 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001142 }}</ref>

<ref name=Roberts2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Roberts JA, Abdul-Aziz MH, Davis JS, Dulhunty JM, Cotta MO, Myburgh J, Bellomo R, Lipman J | display-authors = 6 | title = Continuous versus Intermittent β-Lactam Infusion in Severe Sepsis. A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data from Randomized Trials | journal = American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | volume = 194 | issue = 6 | pages = 681–691 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 26974879 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.201601-0024oc }}</ref>

<ref name="de Caen2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = de Caen AR, Berg MD, Chameides L, Gooden CK, Hickey RW, Scott HF, Sutton RM, Tijssen JA, Topjian A, van der Jagt ÉW, Schexnayder SM, Samson RA | display-authors = 6 | title = Part 12: Pediatric Advanced Life Support: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care | journal = Circulation | volume = 132 | issue = 18 Suppl 2 | pages = S526–S542 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26473000 | pmc = 6191296 | doi = 10.1161/cir.0000000000000266 }}</ref>

<ref name=Lew2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Evans DJ, Butler AR, Alderson P, Smith AF, Roberts I | title = Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 8 | pages = CD000567 | date = August 2018 | issue = 8 | pmid = 30073665 | pmc = 6513027 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000567.pub7 }}</ref>

<ref name= Zarychanski2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zarychanski R, Abou-Setta AM, Turgeon AF, Houston BL, McIntyre L, Marshall JC, Fergusson DA | title = Association of hydroxyethyl starch administration with mortality and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients requiring volume resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = JAMA | volume = 309 | issue = 7 | pages = 678–688 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23423413 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2013.430 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=Haase2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Haase N, Perner A, Hennings LI, Siegemund M, Lauridsen B, Wetterslev M, Wetterslev J | title = Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.38-0.45 versus crystalloid or albumin in patients with sepsis: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis | journal = BMJ | volume = 346 | pages = f839 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23418281 | pmc = 3573769 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.f839 }}</ref>

<ref name=Serpa2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Serpa Neto A, Veelo DP, Peireira VG, de Assunção MS, Manetta JA, Espósito DC, Schultz MJ | title = Fluid resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starches in patients with sepsis is associated with an increased incidence of acute kidney injury and use of renal replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature | journal = Journal of Critical Care | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 185.e1–185.e7 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24262273 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.09.031 }}</ref>

<ref name=Patel2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Patel A, Laffan MA, Waheed U, Brett SJ | title = Randomised trials of human albumin for adults with sepsis: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of all-cause mortality | journal = BMJ | volume = 349 | pages = g4561 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 25099709 | pmc = 4106199 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.g4561 }}</ref>

<ref name=Holst2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Holst LB, Haase N, Wetterslev J, Wernerman J, Guttormsen AB, Karlsson S, Johansson PI, Aneman A, Vang ML, Winding R, Nebrich L, Nibro HL, Rasmussen BS, Lauridsen JR, Nielsen JS, Oldner A, Pettilä V, Cronhjort MB, Andersen LH, Pedersen UG, Reiter N, Wiis J, White JO, Russell L, Thornberg KJ, Hjortrup PB, Müller RG, Møller MH, Steensen M, Tjäder I, Kilsand K, Odeberg-Wernerman S, Sjøbø B, Bundgaard H, Thyø MA, Lodahl D, Mærkedahl R, Albeck C, Illum D, Kruse M, Winkel P, Perner A | display-authors = 6 | title = Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 371 | issue = 15 | pages = 1381–1391 | date = October 2014 | pmid = 25270275 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1406617 | s2cid = 16280618 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="Alejandria2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Alejandria MM, Lansang MA, Dans LF, Mantaring JB | title = Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | pages = CD001090 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 24043371 | pmc = 6516813 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001090.pub2 }}</ref>

<ref name=Avni2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Avni T, Lador A, Lev S, Leibovici L, Paul M, Grossman A | title = Vasopressors for the Treatment of Septic Shock: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 10 | issue = 8 | pages = e0129305 | date = 2015 | pmid = 26237037 | pmc = 4523170 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0129305 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2015PLoSO..1029305A }}</ref>

<ref name=Hamzaoui2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hamzaoui O, Scheeren TW, Teboul JL | title = Norepinephrine in septic shock: when and how much? | journal = Current Opinion in Critical Care | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 342–347 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28509668 | doi = 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000418 | s2cid = 2078670 }}</ref>

<ref name=Dubin2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dubin A, Lattanzio B, Gatti L | title = The spectrum of cardiovascular effects of dobutamine - from healthy subjects to septic shock patients | journal = Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 490–498 | date = 2017 | pmid = 29340539 | pmc = 5764562 | doi = 10.5935/0103-507x.20170068 }}</ref>

<ref name=Patel2012>{{cite journal | vauthors = Patel GP, Balk RA | title = Systemic steroids in severe sepsis and septic shock | journal = American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | volume = 185 | issue = 2 | pages = 133–139 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 21680949 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.201011-1897CI }}</ref>

<ref name=Volbeda2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Volbeda M, Wetterslev J, Gluud C, Zijlstra JG, van der Horst IC, Keus F | title = Glucocorticosteroids for sepsis: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis | journal = Intensive Care Medicine | volume = 41 | issue = 7 | pages = 1220–1234 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 26100123 | pmc = 4483251 | doi = 10.1007/s00134-015-3899-6 }}</ref>

<ref name=Ni2019>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ni YN, Liu YM, Wang YW, Liang BM, Liang ZA | title = Can corticosteroids reduce the mortality of patients with severe sepsis? A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = The American Journal of Emergency Medicine | volume = 37 | issue = 9 | pages = 1657–1664 | date = September 2019 | pmid = 30522935 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.11.040 | s2cid = 54537066 }}</ref>

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<ref name=SSCHistory>{{cite web |title= History |url= http://www.survivingsepsis.org/About-SSC/Pages/History.aspx |website= [[Surviving Sepsis Campaign]] |publisher= [[Society of Critical Care Medicine]] |access-date= 24 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140304091645/http://www.survivingsepsis.org/About-SSC/Pages/History.aspx |archive-date= 4 March 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name=SepsisAlliance>{{cite web |title= About Us |author= Sepsis Alliance |url= http://www.sepsis.org/about/ |website= sepsis.org|access-date=8 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150908101815/http://www.sepsis.org/about |archive-date=8 September 2015 }}</ref>

<ref name=Rozsa2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rózsa L, Apari P, Sulyok M, Tappe D, Bodó I, Hardi R, Müller V | title = The evolutionary logic of sepsis | journal = Infection, Genetics and Evolution | volume = 55 | pages = 135–141 | date = November 2017 | pmid = 28899789 | doi = 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.006 | name-list-style = vanc | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2017InfGE..55..135R | hdl = 10831/67370 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

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