Editing Satanism (section)

==Metal and rock music ==
[[File:Tuska 20130628 - King Diamond - 32.jpg|thumb|Heavy metal singer [[King Diamond]] is a member of the [[Church of Satan]].]]
During the 1960s and 1970s, several rock bands— namely the American band [[Coven (band)|Coven]] and the British band [[Black Widow (band)|Black Widow]], employed the imagery of Satanism and witchcraft in their work.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|pp=462–463}} References to Satan also appeared in the work of those rock bands which were pioneering the [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] genre in Britain during the 1970s.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=467}} For example, the band [[Black Sabbath]] made mention of Satan in their lyrics, although some of the band's members were practicing Christians, and other lyrics affirmed the power of the Christian God over Satan.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|pp=467–468}} In the 1980s, greater use of Satanic imagery was made by heavy metal bands such as [[Slayer]], [[Kreator]], [[Sodom (band)|Sodom]], and [[Destruction (band)|Destruction]].{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=468}} Bands active in the subgenre of [[death metal]]—among them [[Morbid Angel]] and [[Entombed (band)|Entombed]], also adopted Satanic imagery, combining it with other morbid and dark imagery, such as that of [[zombie]]s and [[serial killer]]s.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|pp=468–469}}

Satanism would come to be more closely associated with the subgenre of [[black metal]],{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=467}} in which it was foregrounded over the other themes that had been used in death metal.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=469}} A number of black metal performers incorporated self-injury into their act, framing this as a manifestation of Satanic devotion.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=469}} The first black metal band, [[Venom (band)|Venom]], proclaimed themselves to be Satanists, although this was more an act of provocation than an expression of genuine devotion to the Devil.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=470}} Satanic themes were also used by the black metal bands [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]] and [[Hellhammer]].{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|pp=472–473}} However, the first black metal act to more seriously adopt Satanism was [[Mercyful Fate]], whose vocalist, [[King Diamond]], joined the [[Church of Satan]].{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=471}} More often than not musicians associating themselves with black metal say they do not believe in legitimate Satanic ideology and often profess to being atheists, agnostics, or [[religious skeptic]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/death-to-false-satanism/|title=Death to False Satanism|website=NOISEY|date=29 October 2014 |access-date=2016-03-08}}</ref>

In contrast to King Diamond, various black metal Satanists sought to distance themselves from LaVeyan Satanism, for instance by referring to their beliefs as "[[devil worship]]".{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=480}} These individuals regarded Satan as a literal entity,{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=479}} and in contrast to Anton LaVey, they associated Satanism with criminality, suicide, and terror.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=480}} For them, Christianity was regarded as a plague which required eradication.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=482}} Many of these individuals, most prominently [[Varg Vikernes]] and [[Euronymous]], were involved in the [[early Norwegian black metal scene]].{{sfn|Dyrendal|2016|pp=481–488}}{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|pp=479–481}} Between 1992 and 1996, such people destroyed around fifty Norwegian churches in arson attacks.{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=481}} Within the black metal scene, a number of musicians later replaced Satanic themes with those deriving from [[Heathenry (new religious movement)|Heathenry]], a form of [[modern Paganism]].{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|pp=503–504}}