Editing Russia (section)

===Human rights===
{{Main|Human rights in Russia}}
Violations of human rights in Russia have been increasingly reported by leading democracy and [[human rights group]]s. In particular, [[Amnesty International]] and [[Human Rights Watch]] say that Russia is not democratic and allows few political rights and civil liberties to its citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/russian-federation/ |title=Russian Federation |work=Amnesty International |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/russia |title=Russia |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> 

Since 2004, [[Freedom House]] has ranked Russia as "not free" in its ''[[Freedom in the World]]'' survey.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2021 |title=Russia: Freedom in the World 2021 |publisher=[[Freedom House]] |access-date=20 November 2021 }}</ref> Since 2011, the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]] has ranked Russia as an "authoritarian regime" in its [[Democracy Index]], ranking it 150th out of 167 countries in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2025 |title=The global democracy index: how did countries perform in 2024? |url=https://www.economist.com/interactive/democracy-index-2024 |access-date=28 February 2025 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> In regards to [[media freedom in Russia|media freedom]], Russia was ranked 162nd out of 180 countries in [[Reporters Without Borders]]' [[Press Freedom Index]] for 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rsf.org/en/russia |title=Russia |work=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |access-date=8 June 2022}}</ref> The Russian government has been widely criticised by political dissidents and [[Human rights defender|human rights activists]] for [[Elections in Russia|unfair elections]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Simmons |first=Ann M. |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-opposition-candidates-struggle-to-make-a-mark-in-election-11631886631 |title=In Russia's Election, Putin's Opponents Are Seeing Double |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=18 September 2021 |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref> crackdowns on [[Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia|opposition political parties and protests]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Kramer |first=Andrew E. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/world/europe/putin-navalny-russian-opposition-crackdown.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/world/europe/putin-navalny-russian-opposition-crackdown.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited |title=In Shadow of Navalny Case, What's Left of the Russian Opposition? |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=10 June 2021 |access-date=24 November 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Seddon |first=Max |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e8889644-051c-41f6-a991-6a32091e5c54 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/e8889644-051c-41f6-a991-6a32091e5c54 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Russian crackdown brings pro-Navalny protests to halt |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=13 February 2021 |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref> [[Russian undesirable organizations law|persecution of non-governmental organisations]] and enforced suppression and [[List of journalists killed in Russia|killings of independent journalists]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Goncharenko |first=Roman |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ngos-in-russia-battered-but-unbowed/a-41459467 |title=NGOs in Russia: Battered, but unbowed |work=[[DW News]]|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]  |date=21 November 2017 |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Yaffa |first=Joshua |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-victims-of-putins-crackdown-on-the-press |title=The Victims of Putin's Crackdown On The Press |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=7 September 2021 |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Simon|first=Scott|title=Why Do Russian Journalists Keep Falling?|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/04/21/604497554/why-do-russian-journalists-keep-falling|date=21 April 2018|work=[[NPR]]|access-date=7 October 2022}}</ref> and [[Censorship in the Russian Federation|censorship]] of mass media and [[Internet censorship in Russia|internet]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/18/russia-growing-internet-isolation-control-censorship |title=Russia: Growing Internet Isolation, Control, Censorship |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=18 June 2020 |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Protest against the invasion of Ukraine (Yekaterinburg, February 24, 2022).jpg|thumb|Following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] in 2022, [[Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)|anti-war protests]] broke out across Russia. The protests have been met with widespread repression, leading to about 15,000 people being arrested.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shevchenko |first=Vitaliy |date=15 March 2022 |title=Ukraine war: Protester exposes cracks in Kremlin's war message |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60749064 |access-date=3 April 2022 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>]]

Muslims, especially [[Salafi movement|Salafis]], have faced persecution in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Herszenhorn |first=David M. |date=1 July 2015 |title=Russia Sees a Threat in Its Converts to Islam |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/02/world/russia-sees-a-threat-in-its-converts-to-islam.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150704162736/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/02/world/russia-sees-a-threat-in-its-converts-to-islam.html?_r=0 |archive-date=4 July 2015 |issn=0362-4331|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2021 |title=U.S. Report Says Russia Among 'Worst Violators' Of Religious Freedom |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-worst-violators-religious-freedom-report-iran-turkmenistan/31215737.html |website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=en}}</ref> To quash the [[insurgency in the North Caucasus]], Russian authorities have been accused of indiscriminate killings,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clancy Chassay |date=19 September 2009 |title=Russian killings and kidnaps extend dirty war in Ingushetia |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/20/ingushetia-dirty-war-russia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221117075517/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/20/ingushetia-dirty-war-russia |archive-date=17 November 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> arrests, forced disappearances, and torture of civilians.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DENIS SOKOLOV |date=20 August 2016 |title=Putin's Savage War Against Russia's 'New Muslims' |url=https://www.newsweek.com/putin-savage-war-against-russia-new-muslims-490783 |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=[[Newsweek]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=🇷🇺Ingushetia: A second Chechnya? l People and Power |date=13 October 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_kHz8bhMFc&t=504s |publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |language=en}}</ref> In [[Dagestan]], some Salafis along with facing government harassment based on their appearance, have had their homes blown up in counterinsurgency operations.<ref>{{Citation |title=Russia's Invisible War: Crackdown on Salafi Muslims in Dagestan |date=17 June 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfjsgSiBkZQ |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Associated Press]] |date=25 November 2015 |title=Russian Crackdown on Muslims Fuels Exodus to IS |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/russian-crackdown-on-muslims-fuels-exodus-to-islamic-state/3073139.html |website=[[Voice of America]] |language=en}}</ref> Chechens and [[Ingush people|Ingush]] in [[Russian prisons]] reportedly take more abuse than other ethnic groups.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mairbek Vatchagaev |date=9 April 2015 |title=Abuse of Chechens and Ingush in Russian Prisons Creates Legions of Enemies |url=https://jamestown.org/program/abuse-of-chechens-and-ingush-in-russian-prisons-creates-legions-of-enemies-2/ |website=[[Jamestown Foundation]]}}</ref> During the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Russia has set up [[Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians|filtration camps]] where many Ukrainians are subjected to abuses and forcibly sent to Russia; the camps have been compared to [[Filtration camp system in Chechnya|those used in the Chechen Wars]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marquise Francis |date=7 April 2022 |title=What are Russian 'filtration camps'? |url=https://news.yahoo.com/what-are-russian-filtration-camps-194643731.html |website=[[Yahoo! News]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Katie Bo Lillis, Kylie Atwood and Natasha Bertrand |title=Russia is depopulating parts of eastern Ukraine, forcibly removing thousands into remote parts of Russia |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/26/politics/ukraine-filtration-camps-forcibly-remove-russia/index.html |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=[[CNN]]|date=26 May 2022 }}</ref> Political repression also increased following the start of the invasion, with [[Russian 2022 war censorship laws|laws adopted]] that establish punishments for "discrediting" the armed forces.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weir |first1=Fred |title=In Russia, critiquing the Ukraine war could land you in prison |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2022/1205/In-Russia-critiquing-the-Ukraine-war-could-land-you-in-prison |work=CSMonitor.com |date=5 December 2022}}</ref>

Russia has introduced several restrictions on [[LGBTQ rights in Russia|LGBTQ rights]]. In 2013, an [[Russian anti-LGBTQ law|anti-LGBTQ law]] banning "gay propaganda" was unanimously passed by the State Duma and the Federation Council, later being signed into law by Vladimir Putin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/11/russia-law-banning-gay-propaganda |title=Russia passes law banning gay 'propaganda' |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 June 2013 |last=Elder |first=Miriam |access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref> In 2020, the Russian parliament legalized a constitutional ban on [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Russia|same-sex marriage]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/russian-voters-back-referendum-banning-same-sex-marriage-n1232802 |title=Russian voters back referendum banning same-sex marriage |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=17 April 2025 |date=3 July 2020 |last=Venkatraman |first=Sakshi}}</ref> and in 2021 the [[Ministry of Justice (Russia)|Ministry of Justice]] designated the LGBTQ rights group [[Russian LGBT Network]] as a "[[foreign agent]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/11/russia-frontline-group-lgbt-network-and-human-rights-lawyers-branded-foreign-agents/ |title=Russia: Frontline group LGBT-Network and human rights lawyers branded "foreign agents" |date=9 November 2021 |work=[[Amnesty International]] |access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref> In 2022, further amendments were made to the 2013 anti-LGBTQ law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/05/europe/russia-lgbtq-propaganda-law-signed-by-putin-intl/index.html |title=Putin signs expanded anti-LGBTQ laws in Russia, in latest crackdown on rights |work=[[CNN]] |date=5 December 2022 |access-date=17 April 2025 |last1=Kottasová |first1=Ivana |last2=Chernova |first2=Anna}}</ref> In 2023, the Russian parliament passed a bill banning [[gender reassignment surgery]] for [[transgender]] people and the [[Supreme Court of Russia]] banned the [[LGBTQ movements|international LGBTQ movement]] as "extremist", outlawing it in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66200194 |title=Russian parliament bans gender reassignment surgery for trans people |last=Murphy |first=Matt |date=14 July 2023 |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/30/russia-supreme-court-bans-lgbt-movement-extremist |title=Russia: Supreme Court Bans LGBT Movement as "Extremist" |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=30 November 2023 |access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref> In 2024, the Supreme Court issued the first convictions from the latter ruling.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/02/15/russia-first-convictions-under-lgbt-extremist-ruling |title=Russia: First Convictions Under LGBT 'Extremist' Ruling |date=15 February 2024 |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref>