Editing Public policy (section)

===Evidence-based policy===

[[Evidence-based policy]] is associated with [[Adrian Smith (statistician)|Adrian Smith]] because in his 1996 presidential address to the [[Royal Statistical Society]], Smith questioned the current process of policy making and urged for a more "evidence-based approach" commenting that it has "valuable lessons to offer".<ref>Boaz, Ashby, Young (2002). [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/content/1/c6/03/45/85/wp2.pdf "Systematic Reviews: What have they got to offer evidence based policy and practice?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814083940/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/content/1/c6/03/45/85/wp2.pdf |date=2020-08-14 }} ESRC UK Centre for Evidence Based Policy and Practice. Retrieved 7 May 2016</ref>

Some policy scholars now avoid using the term ''evidence-based'' policy, using others such as ''evidence informed''. This language shift allows continued thinking about the underlying desire to ''improve'' evidence use in terms of its rigor or quality, while avoiding some of the key limitations or reductionist ideas at times seen with the evidence-based language. Still, the language of evidence-based policy is widely used and, as such, can be interpreted to reflect a desire for evidence to be used well or appropriately in one way or another – such as by ensuring systematic consideration of rigorous and high quality policy relevant evidence, or by avoiding biased and erroneous applications of evidence for political ends.<ref name="Routledge">{{cite book|last1=Parkhurst|first1=Justin|title=The Politics of Evidence: from Evidence Based Policy to the Good Governance of Evidence|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-1-138-93940-0|doi=10.4324/9781315675008|url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/68604/1/Parkhurst_The%20Politics%20of%20Evidence.pdf|access-date=2020-08-28|archive-date=2022-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124022913/https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/68604/1/Parkhurst_The%20Politics%20of%20Evidence.pdf|url-status=live}}{{page needed|date=April 2018}}</ref>

The development and analysis of evidence based / evidence informed policy are supported by multidisciplinary [[public policy research]] and [[policy analysis]].

==== In the U.S. ====
Unlike the UK, the U.S. has a largely devolved government, with power at local, state and federal level. Due to these various levels of governance, it can often be difficult to coordinate passing bills and legislation, and there is often disagreement. Despite this, the system allows citizens to be relatively involved in inputting legislation. Furthermore, each level of government is set up in a similar way with similar rules, and all pump money into creating what is hoped to be effective legislation. Policy creation in America is often seen as unique to other countries.<ref>{{Cite book|title=American public policy : promise and performance|last=Peters |first=B. Guy|date=30 September 2015|isbn=978-1-4833-9150-2|edition=Tenth|location=Los Angeles|oclc=908375236}}</ref>