Editing New Age (section)

===Non-Western and Indigenous criticism===
New Age often adopts spiritual ideas and practices from other, particularly non-Western cultures. According to York, these may include "Hawaiian [[Kahuna]] magic, [[Australian Aboriginal culture|Australian Aboriginal]] [[The Dreaming|dream-working]], South American [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Amerindian]] ''[[ayahuasca]]'' and ''San Pedro'' ceremonies, Hindu [[Ayurveda]] and yoga, Chinese Feng Shui, [[Qigong|Qi Gong]], and [[Tai chi|Tai Chi]]."{{sfn|York|2001|p=368}}

The New Age has been accused of [[cultural imperialism]], [[cultural appropriation|misappropriating]] sacred ceremonies, and exploitation of the intellectual and cultural property of Indigenous peoples.<ref name="Mesteth-1993">{{cite web |last=Mesteth |first=Wilmer |display-authors=etal |date=June 10, 1993 |url=http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/articles/ladecwar.htm |title=Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209203058/http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/articles/ladecwar.htm |archive-date=2016-02-09 |quote=At the Lakota Summit V, an international gathering of US and Canadian Lakota, Dakota and Nakota Nations, about 500 representatives from 40 different tribes and bands of the Lakota unanimously passed a 'Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality'. The following declaration was unanimously passed.}}</ref><ref name="Hobson-1978">{{cite book |last=Hobson |first=G. |chapter=The Rise of the White Shaman as a New Version of Cultural Imperialism |editor-last=Hobson |editor-first=Gary |title=The Remembered Earth |place=Albuquerque |publisher=Red Earth Press |year=1978 |pages=100–108}}</ref><ref name="Aldred-2000">{{cite journal |last=Aldred |first=Lisa |title=Plastic Shamans and Astroturf Sun Dances: New Age Commercialization of Native American Spirituality |journal=The American Indian Quarterly |volume=24 |issue=3 |year=2000 |pages=329–352 |place=Lincoln |publisher=University of Nebraska Press|doi=10.1353/aiq.2000.0001 |pmid=17086676 }}</ref>{{sfn|Heelas|1996|p=202}} Indigenous American spiritual leaders, such as Elders councils of the [[Lakota people|Lakota]], [[Cheyenne]], [[Navajo people|Navajo]], [[Muscogee|Creek]], [[Hopi]], [[Ojibwe|Chippewa]], and [[Iroquois|Haudenosaunee]] have denounced New Age misappropriation of their sacred ceremonies<ref name="Yellowtail-1980">{{cite web |last=Yellowtail |first=Tom |display-authors=etal |url=http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/history/elders.html |title=Resolution of the 5th Annual Meeting of the Traditional Elders Circle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101011537/http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/history/elders.html |archive-date=2020-11-01 |publisher=Northern Cheyenne Nation |place=Two Moons' Camp, Rosebud Creek, Montana |date=October 5, 1980}}</ref> and other [[Indigenous intellectual property|intellectual property]],<ref>Working Group on Indigenous Populations, accepted by the UN General Assembly, ''[http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/512/07/PDF/N0651207.pdf?OpenElement Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626112013/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N06/512/07/PDF/N0651207.pdf?OpenElement |date=2015-06-26 }}''; UN Headquarters; New York City (13 September 2007).</ref> stating that "[t]he value of these instructions and ceremonies [when led by unauthorized people] are questionable, maybe meaningless, and hurtful to the individual carrying false messages".<ref name="Yellowtail-1980" /> Traditional leaders of the Lakota, [[Dakota people|Dakota]], and [[Assiniboine|Nakota]] peoples have reached consensus<ref name="Mesteth-1993"/><ref name="Taliman-1993">{{cite web |last=Taliman |first=Valerie |year=1993 |url=http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/articles/warlakot.htm |title=Article On The 'Lakota Declaration of War' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209203101/http://www.thepeoplespaths.net/articles/warlakot.htm |archive-date=2016-02-09 }}</ref> to reject "the expropriation of [their] ceremonial ways by non-Indians". They see the New Age movement as either not fully understanding, deliberately trivializing, or distorting their way of life,<ref name="Fenelon-1998">{{Citation|last=Fenelon|first=James V.|title=Culturicide, resistance, and survival of the Lakota ("Sioux Nation")|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DYDeLzTyWQQC&pg=PA297 |access-date=2009-03-16|year=1998|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0815331193|pages=295–297}}</ref> and strongly disapprove of all such "[[Plastic shaman|plastic medicine people]]" who are [[Cultural appropriation|appropriating]] their spiritual ways.<ref name="Mesteth-1993"/><ref name="Taliman-1993"/>

Indigenous leaders have spoken out against individuals from within their own communities who may go out into the world to become a "white man's shaman", and any "who are prostituting our spiritual ways for their own selfish gain, with no regard for the spiritual well-being of the people as a whole".<ref name="Fenelon-1998"/> The terms "[[plastic shaman]]" and "plastic medicine person" have been used to describe an outsider who identifies or promotes themselves as a shaman, holy person, or other traditional spiritual leader, yet has no genuine connection to the traditions or cultures represented.<ref name="Hobson-1978"/><ref name="Aldred-2000"/><ref>"[http://www.com.washington.edu/nativevoices/film/Shamans.html White Shamans and Plastic Medicine Men] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907153703/http://www.com.washington.edu/nativevoices/film/Shamans.html |date=2019-09-07 }}," Terry Macy and Daniel Hart, ''Native Voices'', Indigenous Documentary Film at the University of Washington</ref>