Editing Nationalism (section)

=== Ethnic === <!-- This section is linked from [[White supremacy]]. -->
{{see also|Ethnic nationalism}}
Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of [[ethnicity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publiceye.org/fascist/third_position.html |title=The Website of Political Research Associates |publisher=PublicEye.org |access-date=26 May 2015 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419124320/http://www.publiceye.org/fascist/third_position.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The central theme of ethnic nationalists is that "nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a [[common language]], a common faith, and a [[Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group|common ethnic ancestry]]".<ref name="ReferenceA">Muller, Jerry Z. "Us and Them." Current Issue 501 Mar/Apr 2008 9–14</ref> It also includes ideas of a [[culture]] shared between members of the group, and with their ancestors. It is different from a purely cultural definition of "the nation," which allows people to become members of a nation by [[cultural assimilation]]; and from a purely linguistic definition, according to which "the nation" consists of all speakers of a specific language.

Whereas nationalism in and of itself does not imply a belief in the superiority of one ethnicity or country over others, some nationalists support [[Ethnocentrism|ethnocentric]] supremacy or protectionism.

The humiliation of being a second-class citizen led regional minorities in multiethnic states, such as Great Britain, Spain, France, Germany, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, to define nationalism in terms of loyalty to their minority culture, especially language and religion. Forced assimilation was anathema.<ref>Timothy Baycroft, ''Nationalism in Europe 1789–1945'' (1998) p. 56.</ref>

For the politically dominant cultural group, assimilation was necessary to minimize disloyalty and treason and therefore became a major component of nationalism. A second factor for the politically dominant group was competition with neighboring states—nationalism involved a rivalry, especially in terms of military prowess and economic strength.<ref>Baycroft, ''Nationalism in Europe 1789–1945'' (1998) p. 58.</ref>