Editing Minsk (section)

== Transportation ==

=== Local transport ===
Minsk has an extensive public transport system.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2012 |title=Public transport in Minsk |url=http://www.apartmentinminsk.com/news-blog/public-transport.htm |access-date=4 October 2012 |publisher=D-Minsk |archive-date=26 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026120236/http://www.apartmentinminsk.com/news-blog/public-transport.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Passengers are served by 8 tramway lines, over 70 [[Trolleybuses in Minsk|trolleybus lines]], 3 subway lines and over 100 bus lines. Trams were the first public transport used in Minsk (since 1892&nbsp;– the horse-tram, and since 1929&nbsp;– the electric tram). Public buses have been used in Minsk since 1924, and trolleybuses since 1952.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-31 |title=History |url=https://minsktrans.by/en/history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031145204/https://minsktrans.by/en/history.html |archive-date=2020-10-31  |access-date=2022-08-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F6xIEAAAQBAJ&dq=Minsk+trolleybuses+1952&pg=PA436 |title=Innovations and Traditions for Sustainable Development - Google Books |date=2021-10-16 |isbn=9783030788254 |accessdate=2022-02-26|last1=Filho |first1=Walter Leal |last2=Krasnov |first2=Eugene V. |last3=Gaeva |first3=Dara V. |publisher=Springer }}</ref>
[[File:AKSM E321 electrobus in Minsk 4.jpg|thumb|Electrobus AKSM E321 in Minsk]]
All public transport is operated by Minsktrans, a government-owned and -funded transport [[Non-profit organisation|not-for-profit]] company. As of November 2021, Minsktrans used 1,322 buses (plus 93 electric buses), 744 trolleybuses and 135 tramway cars in Minsk.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 November 2021 |title=Minsktrans received 450 new buses and trolleybuses |url=https://reform.by/274457-minsktrans-poluchil-450-avtobusov-i-trollejbusov |access-date=7 November 2021 |publisher=Reform.By |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207030555/https://reform.by/274457-minsktrans-poluchil-450-avtobusov-i-trollejbusov |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Minsk city government in 2003 decreed that local transport provision should be set at a minimum level of 1 vehicle (bus, trolleybus or tram) per 1,500 residents. The number of vehicles in use by Minsktrans is 2.2 times higher than the minimum level. {{citation needed|date=November 2011}}

Public transport fares are controlled by the ''city's executive committee'' (city council). Single trip ticket for bus, trolleybus or tramway costs 0.75 [[BYR|BYN]] (≈&nbsp;USD 0.3),<ref name="t.1">{{Cite web|url=https://minsktrans.by/oplata-proezda/tarify/|title=Тарифы &#124; Минсктранс|access-date=16 May 2024|archive-date=16 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516161729/https://minsktrans.by/oplata-proezda/tarify/|url-status=live}}</ref> 0.80 BYN for metro and 0.90 BYN for express buses.<ref name=t.1/> Monthly ticket for one kind of transport costs 33 BYN and 61 [[New Belarusian ruble|BYN]] for all five.<ref name=t.1/> Commercial [[marshrutka]]'s prices varies from 1.5 to 2 BYN.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}

=== Rapid transit ===
[[File:Станция метро Вокзальная 1.jpg|thumb|[[Vakzaĺnaja (Minsk Metro)|Vakzalnaja]] station in the [[Minsk Metro]]]]
{{Main|Minsk Metro}}
Minsk is the only city in Belarus with an underground [[rapid transit|metro]] system. Construction of the metro began in 1977, soon after the city reached over a million people, and the first line with 8 stations was opened in 1984. Since then it has expanded into three lines: [[Maskoŭskaja Line|Maskoŭskaja]], [[Aŭtazavodskaja Line|Aŭtazavodskaja]], and [[Zelenaluzhskaya Line|Zielienalužskaja]] which are {{convert|19.1|, |18.1| and |3.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} long with 15, 14 and 4 stations, respectively. On 7 November 2012, three new stations on the Moskovskaya Line were opened and another on 3 June 2014.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}. Construction of the third line began in 2011 and the first stage opened in 2020. Some layout plans speculate on a possible fourth line running from Vyasnyanka to Serabranka micro-rayons.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}
[[File:First stations of Zielienalužskaja Line of Minsk Metro.webm|thumb|Stations of the new [[Zelenaluzhskaya Line|Zielienalužskaja line]] on video]]
Trains use 243 standard Russian metro-cars. On a typical day Minsk metro is used by 800,000 passengers. In 2007 ridership of Minsk metro was 262.1&nbsp;million passengers,<ref>{{cite web |date=21 June 2010 |title=CIS Metro Statistics |url=http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/~yopopov/rrt/maps/statistics.html |access-date=4 July 2010 |publisher=Mrl.ucsb.edu |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804050310/http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/~yopopov/rrt/maps/statistics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> in 2017 ridership of Minsk metro was 284,1&nbsp;million passengers,<ref>{{cite web |date=2018 |title=Метро сегодня |url=http://metropoliten.by/o_metropolitene/metro_today |publisher=metropoliten.b |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628214312/https://metropoliten.by/o_metropolitene/metro_today/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
making it the 5th busiest metro network in the [[Post-Soviet states|former USSR]] (behind Moscow, [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]], [[Kyiv]] and [[Kharkiv]]). During peak hours trains run each 2–2.5 minutes. The metro network employs 3,435 staff.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minsk Metro |url=https://eng.asmetro.ru/metro/metro/minsk/minsk_full/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=International Metro Association |archive-date=25 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625191618/https://eng.asmetro.ru/metro/metro/minsk/minsk_full/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Most of the urban transport is being renovated to modern standards. For instance, all metro stations built since 2001 have passenger lifts from platform to street level, thus enabling the use of the newer stations by disabled passengers.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Minsk Metro|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/travel/transport-in-belarus/minsk-metro|access-date=26 June 2021|website=www.belarus.by|archive-date=14 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914050522/https://www.belarus.by/en/travel/transport-in-belarus/minsk-metro|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Railway and intercity bus ===
[[File:Minsk-Central-Bus-Station.jpg|thumb|Minsk Central Bus Station Nowadays]]
[[File:Stadler Astra train, Minsk train station, Belarus, pic. 01.JPG|thumb|Stadler FLIRT train (EPg), Minsk train station]]
Minsk is the largest transport hub in Belarus. Minsk is located at the junction of the [[Warsaw]]-Moscow railway (built in 1871) running from the southwest to the northeast of the city and the [[Liepāja|Liepaja]]-[[Romny]] railway (built in 1873) running from the northwest to the south. The first railway connects Russia with Poland and Germany; the second connects Ukraine with Lithuania and Latvia. They cross at the [[Minsk Passazhirsky railway station|Minsk-''Pasažyrski'']] railway station, the main railway station of Minsk. The station was built in 1873 as Vilenski Vazkal. The initial wooden building was demolished in 1890 and rebuilt in stone. During World War II the Minsk railway station was completely destroyed. It was rebuilt in 1945 and 1946 and served until 1991. The new building of the Minsk-''Pasažyrski'' railway station was built during 1991–2002. Its construction was delayed due to financial difficulties; now, however, Minsk boasts one of the most modern and up-to-date railway stations in the CIS. There were plans to move all [[Regional rail|suburban rail]] traffic from Minsk-''Pasažyrski'' to the smaller stations, Minsk-''Uschodni'' (East), Minsk-''Paŭdniovy'' (South) and Minsk-''Paŭnočny'' (North), by 2020. However, those plans were scrapped in favour of developing a more integrated system of suburban rail (branded as City Lines, operated by Belarusian Railways state enterprise). The system currently consists of 3 routes (to stations Bielaruś, Čyrvony Ściah, Rudziensk) all terminating at the central train station and is being served by 6 Stadler FLIRT train sets. {{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

There is an intercity bus station that links Minsk with the nearby airport, with the suburbs and other cities in Belarus and the neighboring countries. There are frequent services to Moscow, [[Smolensk]], [[Vilnius]], [[Riga]] and [[Warsaw]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

=== Cycling ===
According to the 2019 survey of 1934 people,<ref>{{cite web |title=(SATIO) ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ ПРЕДПОЧТЕНИЙ И ОТНОШЕНИЯ К ВЕЛОСИПЕДУ В ГОРОДАХ БЕЛАРУСИ (24-09-2019).pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8yso-CRBAwwVzE0MFRIRVc1LWJaUXR2QkVUeG1Zd2M3eFVB/view |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Google Docs |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605174500/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8yso-CRBAwwVzE0MFRIRVc1LWJaUXR2QkVUeG1Zd2M3eFVB/view |url-status=live }}</ref> Minsk had around 811,000 adult bicycles and 232,000 child and adolescent bicycles. In Minsk there is one bike for every 1.9 people. The total number of bicycles in Minsk exceeds the total number of cars (770,000 personal automobiles). 39% of Minsk residents have a personal bike. 43% of Minsk residents ride a bicycle once a month or more. As of 2017, the level of bicycle use is about 1% of all transport movements (for comparison: 12% in [[Cycling in Berlin|Berlin]], 50% in [[Copenhagen]]).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Развитие_городского_велосипедного_движения_в_Беларуси 2017-2019.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E81dRIdl0xQC4XZkBozFWqmY4J8_Uu1u/view |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=Google Docs |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116104157/https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E81dRIdl0xQC4XZkBozFWqmY4J8_Uu1u/view |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Vieladarožka, Minsk, Belarus - panoramio (14).jpg|thumb|Bike path in Minsk]]
Since 2015, an annual bicycle parade / bicycle carnival is held in Minsk, during which vehicles are blocked for several hours along Pobediteley (Peramohi) Avenue. The number of participants in 2019 was more than 20,000 and the number of registrations was about 12,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Belarus in pictures {{!}} Belarus in photo {{!}} Belarus in images {{!}} International VIVA, Bike carnival-parade in Minsk {{!}} Belarus in pictures {{!}} Belarus in photo {{!}} Belarus in images |url=https://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/photo/international-viva-bike-carnival-parade-in-minsk_i_26116.html |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=www.belarus.by |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607072824/https://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/photo/international-viva-bike-carnival-parade-in-minsk_i_26116.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bike carnival in Minsk gathers over 20K cyclists – in pictures |url=https://euroradio.fm/en/bike-carnival-minsk-gathers-over-20k-cyclists-pictures |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=euroradio.fm |date=19 May 2019 |language=en |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605190150/https://euroradio.fm/en/bike-carnival-minsk-gathers-over-20k-cyclists-pictures |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Video about bicycle parade / carnival |website = [[YouTube]]| date=13 May 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDsVmf61nlc | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/qDsVmf61nlc| archive-date=2021-10-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Text and video about cycling parade |url=https://www.tvr.by/eng/news/obshchestvo/viva_rovar_v_5_y_raz_proshel_v_minske_/ |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=www.tvr.by |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607074326/https://www.tvr.by/eng/news/obshchestvo/viva_rovar_v_5_y_raz_proshel_v_minske_/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, the [[European Union]] funded the project "Urban cycling in Belarus" at a cost of €560,000, within the framework of which the public association Minsk Cycling Society together with the Council of Ministers created the regulatory document National Concept for the Development of Cycling in Belarus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Development of urban cycling for public benefit in Belarus |url=https://euprojects.by/projects/Green-Economy-Environment-and-Sustainable-development/development-of-urban-cycling-for-public-benefit-in-belarus/ |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=euprojects.by |language=en-US |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607072825/https://euprojects.by/projects/Green-Economy-Environment-and-Sustainable-development/development-of-urban-cycling-for-public-benefit-in-belarus/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 July 2017 |title=Project "Urban cycling in Belarus" |url=https://bike.org.by/news/minsk/project-urban-cycling-in-belarus/ |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Minsk Cycling Community NGO |language=en |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605191614/https://bike.org.by/news/minsk/project-urban-cycling-in-belarus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2020, Minsk entered the top 3 most cycling cities in the [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] – after Moscow and [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref>{{cite web |date=3 June 2020 |title=Minsk among top three CIS bike-friendly cities |url=https://eng.belta.by/society/view/minsk-among-top-three-cis-bike-friendly-cities-130792-2020/ |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=eng.belta.by |language=en-EN |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603150500/https://eng.belta.by/society/view/minsk-among-top-three-cis-bike-friendly-cities-130792-2020/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Airports ===

[[Minsk National Airport]] is located {{convert|42|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the east of the city. It opened in 1982 and the current railway station opened in 1987. It is an [[international airport]] with flights to Europe and the Middle East.<ref>{{cite web
 |language     = ru
 |url          = https://en.belavia.by/gates/
 |title        = Minsk National Airport
 |publisher    = Belavia
 |accessdate   = 2021-12-09
 |archive-date = 17 May 2022
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20220517043134/https://en.belavia.by/gates/
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

The former [[Minsk-1 Airport]] closed in 2015.<ref name="Russian Aviation Insider 2016 b473">{{cite web | title=Belarusian airports see traffic growth in 2015 | website=Russian Aviation Insider | date=January 29, 2016 | url=https://www.rusaviainsider.com/belarusian-airports-see-traffic-growth-in-2015/ | access-date=March 25, 2024 | archive-date=25 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325152841/https://www.rusaviainsider.com/belarusian-airports-see-traffic-growth-in-2015/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Minsk Borovaya Airfield (UMMB) is located in a suburb north-east of the city, next to Zaliony Luh Forest Park, housing Aero Club Minsk and Minsk Aviation Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.world-airport-codes.com/belarus/borovaya-airfield-82793.html|title=Borovaya Airfield - Belarus|website=World Airport Codes|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=12 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212125448/https://www.world-airport-codes.com/belarus/borovaya-airfield-82793.html|url-status=live}}</ref>