Editing Maoism (section)

=== Italy ===
In Italy, the 1963 book ''Le Divergenze tra il compagno Togliatti e noi'' (Divergences between Comrade Togliatti and us) increased interest in the Chinese communist approach.<ref name=":2322">{{Cite book |last=Reill |first=Dominique Kirchner |title=Mao's Little Red Book: A Global History |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05722-7 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Alexander C. |location=Cambridge |pages= |chapter=Partisan Legacies and Anti-Imperialist Ambitions: The Little Red Book in Italy and Yugoslavia}}</ref>{{Rp|page=187}} The text, written in China, responded to [[Palmiro Togliatti]]'s criticisms of Mao for Mao's opposition to [[de-Stalinization]].<ref name=":2322" />{{Rp|page=187}} Months after the publication of ''Le Divergenze'', the first Italian party inspired by Mao's ideology was founded.<ref name=":2322" />{{Rp|page=190}}

Shortly after, former [[Italian resistance movement|partisan]] Giuseppe Regis founded the publisher Edizioni Oriente (Eastern Editions), which translated and published Maoist texts, including ''Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong''.<ref name=":2322" />{{Rp|page=190}} In early 1964, Mao-oriented activists founded the newspaper ''Nuova Unità'' (New Unity), which called for Italian communists break with the stance of the [[Italian Communist Party]] and align with the socialist countries against [[US imperialism|American imperialism]].<ref name=":2322" />{{Rp|page=190}}

Numerous political factions and groupings took inspiration from Mao's theories and practice.<ref name=":2322" />{{Rp|pages=191–192}} Among the most visible Mao-inspired group was Servire il Popolo (Serve the People), which modeled itself on the [[Red Guards]] of China.<ref name=":2322" />{{Rp|page=192}} Servire il Popolo practiced [[Criticism and self-criticism (Marxism–Leninism)|self-criticism]] and "serving and teaching the peasants" in rural Italy.<ref name=":2322" />{{Rp|page=192}}

Violent groups which cited Mao included The Brigatte Rosse ([[Red Brigades]]) and [[Lotta Continua]] (Continuous Fight).<ref name=":2322" />{{Rp|page=192}}