Editing Malcolm X (section)

=== Memorials and tributes ===

[[File:Malcolm X Omaha historical marker.jpg|thumb|right|A historical marker for Malcolm X's [[Malcolm X House Site|first home]] in [[Omaha, Nebraska]]. The home itself was demolished in 1965.]]

The [[Malcolm X House Site|house]] that once stood at 3448 Pinkney Street in [[North Omaha, Nebraska|North Omaha]], Nebraska, was the first home of Malcolm Little with his birth family. The house was torn down in 1965 by new owners who did not know of its connection with Malcolm&nbsp;X.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brothermalcolm.net/2002/omaha/jpeg/moore1.jpg |title=Empty Lot Holds Dreams for Rowena Moore |access-date=October 2, 2014 |last=McMorris |first=Robert |date=March 11, 1989 |work=[[Omaha World-Herald]]}}</ref> The site was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ne/Douglas/state2.html |title=National Register of Historic Places – Nebraska, Douglas County |access-date=October 2, 2014 |publisher=National Register of Historic Places}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-nebraskahistory.org/index.php?title=NRHP:_Malcolm_X_House_Site |title=NRHP: Malcolm&nbsp;X House Site |access-date=June 20, 2018 |publisher=[[Nebraska State Historical Society]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-nebraskahistory.org/index.php?title=Nebraska_Historical_Marker:_Malcolm_X |title=Nebraska Historical Marker: Malcolm&nbsp;X |access-date=June 20, 2018 |publisher=Nebraska State Historical Society |archive-date=October 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028163902/http://www.e-nebraskahistory.org/index.php?title=Nebraska_Historical_Marker:_Malcolm_X }}</ref> A Nebraska Historical Marker now marks the site. The [[Malcolm&nbsp;X—Ella Little-Collins House]] in the [[Roxbury, Boston|Roxbury]] section of [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]], where Malcolm&nbsp;X lived with his half-sister [[Ella Little-Collins]] and began getting involved in the [[Nation of Islam]],<ref>[https://historicboston.org/portfolio%20page/malcolm-x-house/ "Malcolm&nbsp;X House, 1875, Roxbury, MA."] ''Historic Boston Incorporated.'' Accessed April 23, 2023.</ref> was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2021.<ref>Paybarah, Ali. [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/04/us/malcom-x-home-boston.html "Malcolm&nbsp;X's Early Home in Boston Gets U.S. Historic Designation"] ''The New York Times.'' Published March 4, 2021. Accessed April 23, 2023.</ref> Several archaeological surveys have been performed on the house's grounds, and there are ongoing efforts to preserve the site.<ref>[https://www.boston.gov/departments/archaeology/malcolm-x-house "MALCOLM&nbsp;X HOUSE."] ''City of Boston.'' Accessed April 23, 2023.</ref>

In 1968, twelve Black students who [[Occupation (protest)|occupied]] North Hall at [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] temporarily renamed it Malcolm X Hall to force the administration to acknowledge the needs of Black students. As a result, UCSB created the Department of Black Studies.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kamidi |first1=Sanya |last2=Mejías-Pascoe |first2=Sofía |date=October 18, 2018 |title=50 Years, 12 Students and the Takeover That Changed Everything |url=https://dailynexus.com/2018-10-18/50-years-ago-12-students-and-the-takeover-that-changed-everything/ |access-date=May 18, 2024 |website=The Daily Nexus {{!}} The University of California, Santa Barbara'}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Estrada |first=Andrea |date=October 9, 2018 |title=North Hall Takeover 50 Years Later |url=https://news.ucsb.edu/2018/019214/north-hall-takeover-50-years-later |access-date=May 18, 2024 |website=news.ucsb.edu |publisher=The Current |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Little-Collins-X House.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Malcolm X—Ella Little-Collins House]] in [[Boston]] where Malcolm&nbsp;X and his half-sister [[Ella Little-Collins]] lived from 1941 to 1944.]]

In Lansing, Michigan, a Michigan Historical Marker was erected in 1975 on Malcolm Little's childhood home.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.michmarkers.com/default?page=S0455 |title=Malcolm&nbsp;X Homesite |publisher=Michigan Historical Markers |access-date=June 20, 2018 |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805104312/https://www.michmarkers.com/default?page=S0455 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> The city is also home to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz Academy, a public charter school with an [[Afrocentrism|Afrocentric]] focus. The school is located in the building where Little attended elementary school.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yancey |first1=Patty |editor1-first=Bruce |editor1-last=Fuller |title=Inside Charter Schools: The Paradox of Radical Decentralization |year=2000 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=978-0-674-00325-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/insidechartersch00full/page/67 67] |chapter=We Hold on to Our Kids, We Hold on Tight: Tandem Charters in Michigan |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/insidechartersch00full/page/67}}</ref>

In cities across the United States, Malcolm&nbsp;X's birthday (May{{nbsp}}19) is commemorated as [[Malcolm&nbsp;X Day]]. The first known celebration of Malcolm&nbsp;X Day took place in Washington, D.C., in 1971.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gay |first1=Kathlyn |title=African-American Holidays, Festivals and Celebrations |year=2007 |publisher=Omnigraphics |location=Detroit |isbn=978-0-7808-0779-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780780807792/page/284 284] |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780780807792/page/284}}</ref> The city of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], California, has recognized Malcolm&nbsp;X's birthday as a citywide holiday since 1979.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thaai |first=Walker |title=Berkeley Honors Controversial Civil Rights Figure |work=[[San Jose Mercury News]] |date=May 20, 2005}}</ref>

[[File:Malcolm X Blvd street sign.jpg|thumb|Malcolm X Boulevard in New York City|alt=Two green street signs, one reading Lenox Avenue, the other reading Malcolm X Boulevard]]
Many cities have renamed streets after Malcolm&nbsp;X. In 1987, New York mayor [[Ed Koch]] proclaimed [[Lenox Avenue]] in Harlem to be Malcolm&nbsp;X Boulevard.<ref>{{harvnb|Rickford|2003|p=443}}.</ref> The name of Reid Avenue in [[Brooklyn]], New York, was changed to Malcolm&nbsp;X Boulevard in 1985.<ref>{{harvnb|Rickford|2003|p=419}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/nyregion/19mlk.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122032827/http://nytimes.com/2009/01/19/nyregion/19mlk.html |archive-date=January 22, 2009 |url-status=live |title='Not Much of a Block,' but It's Named for a King |access-date=June 19, 2018 |last=Barron |first=James |author-link=James Barron (journalist) |date=January 18, 2009 |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited}}</ref> Brooklyn also has El Shabazz Playground that was named after him.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/el-shabazz-playground/history |title=El Shabazz Playground: NYC Parks |publisher=[[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]] |access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> New Dudley Street, in the [[Roxbury, Boston|Roxbury]] neighborhood of [[Boston]], was renamed Malcolm&nbsp;X Boulevard in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2019/09/19/dudley-square-name-change-ballot-question |title=Boston residents will get to vote on changing the name of Dudley Square. Here's why. |last=DeCosta-Klipa |first=Nik |work=Boston.com |date=September 19, 2019 |access-date=October 4, 2019}}</ref> In 1997, Oakland Avenue in [[Dallas]], Texas, was renamed Malcolm&nbsp;X Boulevard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/ranch/bigbeat/beat.edec.97.php |title=The Big Beat |access-date=October 2, 2014 |last=Scoville |first=Jen |date=December 1997 |work=[[Texas Monthly]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041229062251/http://www.texasmonthly.com/ranch/bigbeat/beat.edec.97.php |archive-date=December 29, 2004}}</ref> Main Street in Lansing, Michigan, was renamed Malcolm&nbsp;X Street in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malcolm&nbsp;X, Cesar Chavez Get Nods for Lansing Street, Plaza Names |last=Vela |first=Susan |date=September 14, 2010 |work=[[Lansing State Journal]]}}</ref> In 2016, [[Ankara]], Turkey, renamed the street on which the U.S. is building its new embassy after Malcolm&nbsp;X.<ref name="Harvey">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-14/turkey-names-street-leading-to-u-s-embassy-malcolm-x-road |title=Turkey Names Street Leading to U.S. Embassy 'Malcolm&nbsp;X Road' |first=Benjamin |last=Harvey |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=October 14, 2018 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Kent">{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/15/world/turkey-renames-us-embassy-street-trnds/index.html |title=Turkey renames street of new US Embassy to Malcolm&nbsp;X Avenue |first=Lauren |last=Kent |date=October 15, 2018 |work=CNN|access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref>{{efn-ua|English-language sources disagreed whether the street was being renamed Malcolm&nbsp;X Road<ref name="Harvey" /> or Malcolm&nbsp;X Avenue,<ref name="Kent" /> The state media agency's English-language announcement said merely that "the street ... will bear the name of Malcolm&nbsp;X".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/turkey-new-us-embassy-street-to-be-named-malcolm-x-/1280688 |title=Turkey: New US Embassy street to be named 'Malcolm&nbsp;X' |first=Burcu |last=Calik |date=October 13, 2018 |publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]] |access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref>}}

Dozens of schools have been named after Malcolm&nbsp;X, including [[Malcolm&nbsp;X Shabazz High School]] in [[Newark, New Jersey]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/15/us/newark-students-both-good-and-bad-make-do.html |title=Newark Students, Both Good and Bad, Make Do |access-date=June 19, 2018 |last=Lee |first=Felicia R. |date=May 15, 1993 |newspaper=The New York Times |url-access=limited}}</ref> [[Malcolm Shabazz City High School]] in [[Madison, Wisconsin]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Malcolm&nbsp;X's Widow Sees Signs of Hope |last=Hunt |first=Lori Bona |date=February 26, 1991 |work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|Milwaukee Journal]]}}</ref> [[Malcolm&nbsp;X College]] in Chicago, Illinois,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highereducation.org/crosstalk/ct0500/news0500-citycollege1.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010303094834/http://www.highereducation.org/crosstalk/ct0500/news0500-citycollege1.shtml |url-status=usurped |archive-date=March 3, 2001 |title=A Day in the Life |access-date=October 2, 2014 |last=Witkowsky |first=Kathy |date=Spring 2000 |work=National CrossTalk}}</ref> and [[El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz Academy]] in [[Lansing, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shabazzacademy.com/|title=Home|publisher=[[Shabazz Public School Academy]]|access-date=February 27, 2023}}</ref> [[Malcolm&nbsp;X Liberation University]], based on the Pan-Africanist ideas of Malcolm&nbsp;X, was founded in 1969 in North Carolina.<ref>{{cite thesis |first=Brent |last=Belvin |title=Master's Thesis: Malcolm&nbsp;X Liberation University: An Experiment in Independent Black Education |date=October 6, 2004 |url=http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/563 |publisher=North Carolina State University |access-date=October 2, 2014}}</ref>

In 1996, the first library named after Malcolm&nbsp;X was opened, the Malcolm&nbsp;X Branch Library and Performing Arts Center of the [[San Diego Public Library]] system.<ref>{{cite news |title=Big Crowd Welcomes New Library Warmly |last=Flynn |first=Pat |date=January 7, 1996 |work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]}}</ref>

The [[United States Postal Service|U.S. Postal Service]] issued a Malcolm&nbsp;X postage stamp in 1999.<ref>{{harvnb|Marable|2009|pp=303–304}}.</ref> In 2005, [[Columbia University]] announced the opening of the [[Malcolm&nbsp;X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center]]. The memorial is located in the Audubon Ballroom, where Malcolm&nbsp;X was assassinated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/05/malcolm.html |title=Malcolm&nbsp;X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center Launches |access-date=October 2, 2014 |date=May 17, 2005 |publisher=Columbia University}}</ref> Collections of Malcolm&nbsp;X's papers are held by the [[Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture]] and the [[Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center|Robert W. Woodruff Library]].<ref>{{harvnb|Marable|2011|p=564}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A Revelation in Letters: Educated, Tender Malcolm&nbsp;X |last=Hendrick |first=Bill |date=September 2, 1999 |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |id={{ProQuest|413815431}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/08/arts/malcolm-x-trove-to-schomburg-center.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525054836/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/08/arts/malcolm-x-trove-to-schomburg-center.html |archive-date=May 25, 2013 |url-status=live |title=Malcolm&nbsp;X Trove to Schomburg Center |last=Eakin |first=Emily |date=January 8, 2003 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=June 19, 2018 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

After a community-led initiative, [[Conrad Grebel University College]] in Canada (affiliated with the [[University of Waterloo]]) launched the ''Malcolm&nbsp;X Peace and Conflict Studies Scholarship'' in 2021 to support Black and Indigenous students enrolled in their Master of Peace and Conflict Studies program.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 28, 2021|title=New MPACS Scholarship Honours Malcolm&nbsp;X's Legacy|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/grebel/news/new-mpacs-scholarship-honours-malcolm-xs-legacy|publisher=University of Waterloo|access-date=February 24, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Peace Incubator participant helps establish new Malcolm&nbsp;X PACS Scholarship|date=June 28, 2021|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/centre-peace-advancement/new-mpacs-scholarship|publisher=University of Waterloo|access-date=February 24, 2022}}</ref>

In 2024, Malcolm X was inducted into the [[Nebraska Hall of Fame]], with a bust of him being placed in the [[Nebraska State Capitol]].<ref>Bonderson, Aaron. [https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/malcolm-x-inducted-into-the-nebraska-hall-of-fame/ "Malcolm X inducted into the Nebraska Hall of Fame"]. Nebraska Public Media. Published May 22, 2024. Accessed September 16, 2024.</ref>