Editing Lima (section)

==Education==
[[File:Font al parque Universitario de Lima amb el Panteón de los Próceres al fons.jpg|thumb|250px|Colonial [[Casona of the National University of San Marcos|Casona and Chapel]] of the [[National University of San Marcos]]; it is the [[List of colonial universities in Hispanic America|oldest continuously operating university in the Americas]].

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Home to universities, institutions and schools, Lima has the highest concentration of institutions of higher learning on the continent. In Lima is the oldest continuously operating university in the New World, [[National University of San Marcos]], founded in 1551.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historia |url=http://www.unmsm.edu.pe/?c=Home2&url=inicio-historia |publisher=Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos |access-date=13 January 2013 |language=es}}</ref>

[[Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]] (UNI) was founded in 1876 by Polish engineer [[Edward Habich]] and is the country's most important engineering school. Other public universities offer teaching and research, such as the [[Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal]] (the second largest), the [[Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]] (where ex-president [[Alberto Fujimori]] once taught) and the [[National University of Callao]].

The [[Pontifical Catholic University of Peru]], established in 1917, is the oldest private university. Other private institutions include [[University of the Pacific (Peru)|Universidad del Pacifico]], [[Universidad ESAN]], [[Universidad de Lima]], [[Universidad de San Martín de Porres]], [[Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia]], [[Universidad Cientifica del Sur]], [[Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola]], [[Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas]], [[Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista]] and Universidad Ricardo Palma.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562138/Lima_(Peru).html |title=Lima (Peru) – MSN Encarta |publisher=MSN |access-date=8 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029001807/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562138/Lima_(Peru).html |archive-date=29 October 2009 }}</ref>

The city and has a total of 8,047 elementary and high schools, both public and private, which educate more than one and a half million students. The number of private schools is much greater than public schools (6,242 vs 1,805) while the average size of private schools is 100 for elementary and 130 for high school. Public schools average 400 students in elementary and 500 in high school.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.larepublica.pe/21-07-2014/lima-tiene-mas-de-6-mil-colegios-privados-y-cerca-de-2-mil-centros-publicos-segun-mapcity |title=Lima tiene más de 6 mil colegios privados y cerca de 2 mil centros públicos – según Mapcity |work=LaRepublica.pe |access-date=17 December 2014 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725232301/http://www.larepublica.pe/21-07-2014/lima-tiene-mas-de-6-mil-colegios-privados-y-cerca-de-2-mil-centros-publicos-segun-mapcity |archive-date=2014-07-25 }}</ref>

[[File:Ministerio de Educación, Lima, Peru.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Edificio Ministerio de Educación (Ministry of Education), San Borja]]

Lima has one of the country's highest levels of enrollment in high school and preschool. 86.1% of high school-age students are in school, vs the national average of 80.7%. In early childhood, the enrollment level in Lima is 84.7%, while the national average is 74.5%. Early childhood enrollment has improved by 12.1% since 2005. In elementary school, the enrollment in Lima is 90.7%, while the national average for this level is 92.9%.<ref name="limacomovamos.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.limacomovamos.org/cm/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/InformeEvaluandoLima2012.pdf |title=Evaluando la gestión en Lima al 2012 |publisher=Observatorio Ciudadano Lima Cómo Vamos |language=es}}</ref>

The dropout rate for Lima is lower than the national average, except for elementary school, which is higher. In Lima, the dropout rate in elementary is 1.3% and 5.7% in high school, while the national average is 1.2% in elementary and 8.3% in high school.<ref name="limacomovamos.org" />

In Peru, students grade second and fourth students take a test called "Evaluacion Censal de Estudiantes" (ECE). The test assesses skills in reading comprehension and math. Scores are grouped in three levels: Below level 1 means that students were not able to respond to even the most simple questions; level 1 means the students did not achieve the expected level in skills but could respond to simple questions; and level 2 means they achieved/exceeded the expected skills for their grade level. In 2012, 48.7% of students in Lima achieved level 2 in reading comprehension compared to 45.3% in 2011. In math, only 19.3% students achieved level 2, with 46.4% at level 1 and 34.2% less than level 1. Even though the results for Math are lower than for reading, in both subject areas performance increased in 2012 over 2011. The city performs much better than the national average in both disciplines.<ref name="umc.minedu.gob.pe">{{cite web |url=http://umc.minedu.gob.pe/?p=1405 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511124713/http://umc.minedu.gob.pe/?p=1405 |archive-date=2013-05-11 |title=Evaluación Censal de Estudiantes 2012 (ECE 2012) |work=minedu.gob.pe}}</ref>

The educational system in Lima is organized under the authority of the "Direccion Regional de Educacion (DRE) de Lima Metropolitana", which is in turn divided into 7 sub-directions or "UGEL" (Unidad de Gestion Educativa Local): UGEL 01 (San Juan de Miraflores, Villa Maria del Triunfo, Villa El Salvador, Lurin, Pachacamac, San Bartolo, Punta Negra, Punta Hermosa, Pucusana, Santa Maria and Chilca), UGEL 02 (Rimac, Los Olivos, Independencia, Rimac and San Martin de Porres), UGEL 03 (Cercado, Lince, Breña, Pueblo Libre, San Miguel, Magdalena, Jesus Maria, La Victoria and San Isidro), UGEL 04 (Comas, Carabayllo, Puente Piedra, Santa Rosa and Ancon), UGEL 05 (San Juan de Lurigancho and El Agustino), UGEL 06 (Santa Anita, Lurigancho-Chosica, Vitarte, La Molina, Cieneguilla and Chaclacayo) and UGEL 07 (San Borja, San Luis, Surco, Surquillo, Miraflores, Barranco and Chorrillos).<ref name="limacomovamos.org" />

The UGELes with highest results on the ECE 2012 are UGEL 07 and 03 in both reading comprehension and math. UGEL 07 had 60.8% students achieving level 2 in reading comprehension and 28.6% students achieving level 2 in Math. UGEL 03 had 58.5% students achieve level 2 in reading comprehension and 24.9% students achieving level 2 in math. The lowest achieving UGELs are UGEL 01, 04 and 05.<ref name="umc.minedu.gob.pe" />

23% of men have completed university education in Lima, compared to 20% of women. Additionally, 16.2% of men have completed non-university higher education along with 17% of women. The average years of schooling in the city is 11.1 years (11.4 for men and 10.9 for women).<ref name="inei.gob.pe" />