Editing Kristiansand (section)

==Transportation==
Kristiansand is an important transport and communications node, connected to continental Europe by air and sea.

===Sea===
[[File:Kristiansand havn overview 2013.jpg|thumb|Kristiansand harbour in 2013]]
{{Further|topic=the Maritim videregående skole Sørlandet operated passenger and cargo vessel|MS Lofoten}}
From the city centre, the ferry harbour has routes to [[Hirtshals]] ([[Denmark]]) operated by both [[Color Line (ferry operator)|Color Line]] and [[Fjord Line]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kristiansand Port |url=http://kristiansandhavn.no/Forside?sc_lang=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725063845/http://kristiansandhavn.no/Forside?sc_lang=en |archive-date=25 July 2012 |access-date=21 February 2012}}</ref> Color Line operates their [[MS Superspeed 1|MS ''Superspeed 1'']], which entered into service in 2008 and spends approximately 3 hours and 15 minutes on the crossing. The route operates year-round with two crossings each way in one day. Fjord Line operates [[HSC Fjord Cat|HSC ''Fjord Cat'']], which is a high-speed [[catamaran]] covering the route in around 2 hours and 15 minutes. The ship was built between 1997 and 1998, and has sailed under several different operators on many different routes. It only operates during the high season in the summer.

A new catamaran built by Australian shipbuilding company [[Austal]] will enter service at the start of summer 2020 and replace ''Fjord Cat''. The new ship should double the capacity, while retaining the same travel duration of 2 hours and 15 minutes. Fjord Line also aims for the new ship to address complaints with seaworthiness and stability from its predecessor.

On 7 April 2022, a direct cruise-ferry service began with [[Eemshaven]], Netherlands, operated by startup company [[Holland Norway Lines]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2021 |title=Charter of Romantika |url=https://view.news.eu.nasdaq.com/view?id=bb1848ae79937c8b3cbfe10454bd4ee5c&lang=en&fbclid=IwAR2xTJNps_nuX7-8nh6Ekz_0dMtP-uNycA1395ZjsBfv-QzRBwVPWzH3cKc |access-date=1 November 2021 |work=NASDAQ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2021 |title=Eemshaven krijgt vaste veerverbinding met Noorwegen |url=https://www.rtvnoord.nl/nieuws/865103/eemshaven-krijgt-vaste-veerverbinding-met-noorwegen |access-date=1 November 2021 |work=RTV Noord}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2021 |title=Holland Norway Lines charters Tallink Grupp's ROMANTIKA for Norway-Netherland's service |url=https://www.shippax.com/en/news/holland-norway-lines-charters-tallink-grupps-romantika-for-norway-netherlands-service.aspx |access-date=1 November 2021 |work=Shippax}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2021 |title=Holland Norway Line main page |url=https://hollandnorwaylines.com/ |access-date=1 November 2021 |work=Holland Norway line |archive-date=18 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118023838/https://hollandnorwaylines.com/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

===Road===
[[File:E18 Kristiansand Vollevannet.jpg|thumb|E18 in Kristiansand by [[Vollevannet]]]]
[[European route E18|European Road 18]] is the largest highway in Kristiansand. It starts after E39 goes to Denmark before the city bridge on [[Kvadraturen (Kristiansand)|Kvadraturen]]. E18 continues out Kristiansand municipality and through [[Arendal]], [[Oslo]] and ends in [[Stockholm]]. [[European route E39|European Road 39]] starts in [[Trondheim]] and has it course through [[Western Norway]] before following the coastal municipalities in [[Vest-Agder]]. When E39 comes to Kristiansand, it goes to the harbor and continues through Denmark. [[Norwegian National Road 9]] is a road starting in Kristiansand, through [[Grim, Kristiansand|Grim]] and then through [[Vennesla]] municipality before leaving Vest-Agder. The national road ends in [[Telemark]] at Haukeli, and is the most important road connection for Setesdalen and the surrounding regions.

Norwegian National Road 41
[[Norwegian National Road 41]] starts in [[Hånes]]. It is the road out to [[Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik]], it continues to [[Birkenes]] and ends in [[Kviteseid]], Telemark. County road 401 is the old E18 before it got upgraded. It starts on [[Søm]] and ends in [[Lillesand]], it goes via [[Høvåg]]. County road 452 is the old road to [[Vennesla]] city centrum. It starts on [[Lund, Kristiansand|Lund]], then goes through [[Justvik]] and [[Ålefjær]] before Vennesla municipality. County road 456 is the main road in [[Vågsbygd]] and afterwards ending in [[Søgne]]. County road 457 takes up from 456 in [[Voiebyen]] and ends at [[Flekkerøy]]. County road 471 is the largest road in downtown Kristiansand. It ends at [[Lund, Kristiansand|Lund]] and goes besides the university.

===Bus===
[[File:Kristiansand bus Slettheia1.jpg|thumb|A city bus in [[Vestre Strandgate]]]]
Buses in the city and surrounding region are operated by [[Boreal Norge|Boreal Buss AS]], who won the tender from Agder Kollektivtrafikk in 2018 to operate routes for seven years, with an option to extend the period by three years. Previously, [[Nettbuss]] Sør (South) operated buses in the region for eight years from 2010 to 2018. All regional bus lines goes through three stops in [[Kvadraturen (Kristiansand)|Kvadraturen]]. Some bus lines goes vice versa from the west coast to the east coast of the city.

[[Kristiansand Bus Terminal]] or Kristiansand Rutebilstasjon is the main bus terminal for the city, and also acts as a hub for express-buses connecting to Oslo, Stavanger and Haukeli. It is located by the train station [[Kristiansand Station|Kristiansand S]]. The bus terminal has local, regional and long-distance bus routes. A new bus terminal was constructed in 2019, replacing the old and outdated building from 1960. The old terminal will be demolished and replaced by a small park and green-space.

The local city buses in Kristiansand has their main stop in Kvadraturen with city terminals in the streets Henrik Wergelands gate (eastbond or end for westbound) and [[Tollbodgata]] (westbound or end for eastbound), both streets crosses [[Markens gate]]. City bus lines 01, A1 starts in Kvadraturen and goes by [[University of Agder|UiA]] and [[Rona (Kristiansand)|Rona]]. M1, M2, M3, 12, goes by Vågsbygd centrum. 17, 18 joins M1, M2, M3 and 12 for Hannevika. 40, 42, 50 and 45, 46 goes only [[Hannevika]]. Line 40, 42, 45, 46 and 50 stops in Kristiansand Bus Terminal expect in the rush hours, while M1, M2, M3, 12, 17 and 18 continues to Henrik Wergelands gate, UiA, Rona, then their destinations. Line 13, 15, 19, 32 and 30 comes north for Kvadraturen and goes by Grim torv. Line 22, 23 only goes by UiA. Line 31 goes Line 35, 36 and 37 goes by Ve, Rona, UiA, Tollbodgata and ends in Kristiansand Bus Terminal. There are also local buses in some of the boroughs like Vågsbygd: Line 51, 52 and 55 goes from neighbourhoods in the borough to Vågsbygd centrum collaborating with M1 or M2 at selective times. Line 57 goes from east to west on the main road in Flekkerøy. Line 58 goes locally in Randesund to Rona.

===Railway===
[[Kristiansand Station]] opened in 1895 and is located in the city centre, close to the ferry terminal. It is owned by [[Norwegian National Rail Administration]]. The [[Sørlandet Line]] goes through small towns in [[Vest-Agder]] and [[Aust-Agder]] counties. Express trains go east to [[Oslo S]]. Regional lines goes to [[Stavanger]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NSB Homepage |url=http://www.nsb.no/?lang=en_US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221212816/http://www.nsb.no/?lang=en_US |archive-date=21 February 2012 |access-date=21 February 2012}}</ref>

===Aviation===
[[File:Kristiansand lufthavn, Kjevik 2013.JPG|thumb|[[Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik]]]]
The local airport, [[Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik|Kjevik]], is located {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of the city centre and has routes to European and Norwegian cities. A new one-storey parking garage was constructed in 2019.

===Travel distances===
Distance from Kristiansand to other cities:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Distance Calculator Find Distance Between Cities |url=http://www.distancecalculator.net |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507003511/https://www.distancecalculator.net/ |archive-date=7 May 2021 |access-date=2015-11-07 |website=distancecalculator.net}}</ref>
* [[Mandal, Norway|Mandal]] 36 kilometers (23 miles) (considerably shortened when new E39 opens in 2022)
* [[Evje]] 49 kilometers (30 miles)
* [[Arendal]] 55 kilometers (34 miles)
* [[Flekkefjord]] 81 kilometers (50 miles)
* [[Stavanger]] 160 kilometers (100 miles)
* [[Oslo]] 250 kilometers (155 miles) 
* [[Bergen]] 292 kilometers (181 miles)
* [[Trondheim]] 601 kilometers (373 miles)
* [[Tromsø]] 1382 kilometers (859 miles)
* [[Copenhagen]] 391 kilometers (243 miles)
* [[Stockholm]] 768 kilometers (477 miles)