Editing Kickboxing (section)

== Brain injury and CTE==
{{see also|Chronic traumatic encephalopathy}}
Knocking a person unconscious or even causing a [[concussion]] may cause permanent [[brain damage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/medical_notes/363957.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020918102719/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/medical_notes/363957.stm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 September 2002|title=Boxing: The health risks|access-date=6 May 2010 |website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> There is no clear division between the force required to knock a person out and the force likely to kill a person.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/2086/4437|title=Better and Safer Boxing: Ringside and Boardroom Medical Control of Boxing Careers in the Twentieth Century|website=Dora.dmu.ac.uk|access-date=22 September 2014|date=June 2006|last1=Carter|first1=Neil|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104165151/https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/2086/4437|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also, contact sports, especially combat sports, are directly related to a brain disease called [[chronic traumatic encephalopathy]] (CTE). This disease begins to develop during the life of the athlete, and continues to develop even after sports activity has ceased. In addition, repetitive and subconcussive blows to the head, and not just concussions, cause CTE.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Castellani |first=Rudy J. |date=June 2015 |title=Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A paradigm in search of evidence? |journal=Laboratory Investigation |language=en |volume=95 |issue=6 |pages=576–584 |doi=10.1038/labinvest.2015.54 |pmid=25867769 |issn=1530-0307 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ridler |first=Charlotte |date=April 2017 |title=New insights into the long-term effects of mild brain injury |journal=Nature Reviews Neurology |language=en |volume=13 |issue=4 |page=195 |doi=10.1038/nrneurol.2017.32 |pmid=28257129 |issn=1759-4766 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tagge |first1=Chad A |last2=Fisher |first2=Andrew M |last3=Minaeva |first3=Olga V |last4=Gaudreau-Balderrama |first4=Amanda |last5=Moncaster |first5=Juliet A |last6=Zhang |first6=Xiao-Lei |last7=Wojnarowicz |first7=Mark W |last8=Casey |first8=Noel |last9=Lu |first9=Haiyan |last10=Kokiko-Cochran |first10=Olga N |last11=Saman |first11=Sudad |last12=Ericsson |first12=Maria |last13=Onos |first13=Kristen D |last14=Veksler |first14=Ronel |last15=Senatorov |first15=Vladimir V. Jr |date=2018-02-01 |title=Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model |url=https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/141/2/422/4815697 |journal=Brain |volume=141 |issue=2 |pages=422–458 |doi=10.1093/brain/awx350 |pmid=29360998 |pmc=5837414 |issn=0006-8950}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmc=4288217 | year=2014 | last1=Montenigro | first1=P. H. | last2=Baugh | first2=C. M. | last3=Daneshvar | first3=D. H. | last4=Mez | first4=J. | last5=Budson | first5=A. E. | last6=Au | first6=R. | last7=Katz | first7=D. I. | last8=Cantu | first8=R. C. | last9=Stern | first9=R. A. | title=Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome | journal=Alzheimer's Research & Therapy | volume=6 | issue=5 | page=68 | doi=10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z | pmid=25580160 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmc=4238241 | year=2014 | last1=Johnson | first1=B. | last2=Neuberger | first2=T. | last3=Gay | first3=M. | last4=Hallett | first4=M. | last5=Slobounov | first5=S. | title=Effects of Subconcussive Head Trauma on the Default Mode Network of the Brain | journal=Journal of Neurotrauma | volume=31 | issue=23 | pages=1907–1913 | doi=10.1089/neu.2014.3415 | pmid=25010992 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Di Virgilio |first1=Thomas G. |last2=Ietswaart |first2=Magdalena |last3=Wilson |first3=Lindsay |last4=Donaldson |first4=David I. |last5=Hunter |first5=Angus |date=2019 |title=Understanding the Consequences of Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts in Sport: Brain Changes and Dampened Motor Control Are Seen After Boxing Practice |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |volume=13 |page=294 |language=English |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2019.00294 |pmid=31551732 |pmc=6746992 |issn=1662-5161 |doi-access=free}}</ref>