Editing Jurassic (section)

==== Turtles ====
[[File:Thalassemys bruntrutana.jpg|thumb|''[[Thalassemys]],'' a [[thalassochelydia]]n sea turtle known from the Late Jurassic of Germany ]]
[[Stem-group]] turtles ([[Testudinata]]) diversified during the Jurassic. Jurassic stem-turtles belong to two progressively more advanced clades, the [[Mesochelydia]] and [[Perichelydia]].<ref name="Joyce-2017">{{Cite journal|last=Joyce|first=Walter G.|date=April 2017|title=A Review of the Fossil Record of Basal Mesozoic Turtles|journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History|language=en|volume=58|issue=1|pages=65–113|doi=10.3374/014.058.0105|bibcode=2017BPMNH..58...65J |s2cid=54982901|issn=0079-032X|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/288659/files/joy_rfm.pdf }}</ref> It is thought that the ancestral condition for mesochelydians is aquatic, as opposed to terrestrial for testudinates.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sterli|first1=Juliana|last2=de la Fuente|first2=Marcelo S.|last3=Rougier|first3=Guillermo W.|date=2018-07-04|title=New remains of Condorchelys antiqua (Testudinata) from the Early-Middle Jurassic of Patagonia: anatomy, phylogeny, and paedomorphosis in the early evolution of turtles|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2018.1480112|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|language=en|volume=38|issue=4|pages=(1)–(17)|doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1480112|bibcode=2018JVPal..38....1S |s2cid=109556104|issn=0272-4634|hdl=11336/99525|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The two modern groups of turtles ([[Turtle|Testudines]]), [[Pleurodira]] and [[Cryptodira]], diverged by the beginning of the Late Jurassic.<ref name="Joyce-2017" /> The oldest known pleurodires, the [[Platychelyidae]], are known from the Late Jurassic of Europe and the Americas,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sullivan|first1=Patrick M.|last2=Joyce|first2=Walter G.|date=August 2017|title=The shell and pelvic anatomy of the Late Jurassic turtle Platychelys oberndorferi based on material from Solothurn, Switzerland|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13358-017-0136-7|journal=[[Swiss Journal of Palaeontology]]|language=en|volume=136|issue=2|pages=323–343|doi=10.1007/s13358-017-0136-7|bibcode=2017SwJP..136..323S |s2cid=90587841|issn=1664-2376}}</ref> while the oldest unambiguous cryptodire, ''[[Sinaspideretes]],'' an early relative of [[Trionychidae|softshell turtles]], is known from the Late Jurassic of China.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Evers|first1=Serjoscha W.|last2=Benson|first2=Roger B. J.|date=January 2019|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Andrew|title=A new phylogenetic hypothesis of turtles with implications for the timing and number of evolutionary transitions to marine lifestyles in the group|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12384|journal=Palaeontology|language=en|volume=62|issue=1|pages=93–134|doi=10.1111/pala.12384|bibcode=2019Palgy..62...93E |s2cid=134736808}}</ref> The [[Thalassochelydia]], a diverse lineage of marine turtles unrelated to modern [[sea turtle]]s, are known from the Late Jurassic of Europe and South America.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anquetin|first1=Jérémy|last2=Püntener|first2=Christian|last3=Joyce|first3=Walter G.|date=October 2017|title=A Review of the Fossil Record of Turtles of the Clade Thalassochelydia|url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.3374/014.058.0205|journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History|language=en|volume=58|issue=2|pages=317–369|doi=10.3374/014.058.0205|bibcode=2017BPMNH..58..317A |s2cid=31091127|issn=0079-032X}}</ref>