Editing Islamism (section)

===Preceding movements===
Some Islamic revivalist movements and leaders which pre-date Islamism but share some characteristics with it include:
* [[Ahmad Sirhindi]] (~1564–1624) was largely responsible for the purification, reassertion and revival of conservative orthodox Sunni Islam in India during Islam's second millennium.<ref>Massington, L., Radtke, B. Chittick, W.C., Jong, F. de., Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, "Taṣawwuf", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs</ref><ref>Qamar-ul Huda (2003), Striving for Divine Union: Spiritual Exercises for Suhraward Sufis, RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 1–4.</ref><ref>Mortimer, ''Faith and Power'', (1982) p. 58. Quoting Aziz Ahmad, ''Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment'', Oxford University Press, (1964), p. 189</ref>
* [[Ibn Taymiyyah]], a Syrian Islamic jurist during the 13th and 14th centuries argued against the practices such as the celebration of Muhammad's birthday, and seeking assistance at the grave of the Prophet.<ref>Haque 1982, pp. 78–81.</ref>
* [[Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab]], the founder of [[Wahhabism]], advocated doing away with the later religious accretions like worship at graves.
* [[Shah Waliullah]] of India was a forerunner of reformist Islamists like [[Muhammad Abduh]], [[Muhammad Iqbal]] and [[Muhammad Asad]] in his belief that there was "a constant need for new [[ijtihad]] as the Muslim community progressed.<ref>Mortimer, ''Faith and Power'', (1982) pp. 67–68.</ref>
* [[Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi]] was a disciple and successor of Shah Waliullah's son who led a [[Jihadism|jihadist]] movement and attempted to create an Islamic state based on the enforcement of [[Sharia|Islamic law]].<ref>Mortimer, ''Faith and Power'', (1982), p. 69</ref><ref name="Islamic Revival in British India">{{cite book|last=Metcalf|first=Barbara Daly|title=Islamic revival in British India : Deoband, 1860–1900|date=2002|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|isbn=0195660498|edition=3rd impression.|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
* the [[Deobandi|Deobandi movement]], founded after the defeat of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]], around 1867, led to the establishment of thousands of conservative Islamic schools or [[madrasah]]s throughout modern-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.<ref>''Islam and the Muslim World'', (2004) p. 374</ref>