Editing Inflammation (section)

=== Connection to depression ===
There is evidence for a link between [[Depression and immune function#Depression and inflammation|inflammation and depression]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Berk M, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, O'Neil A, Pasco JA, Moylan S, Allen NB, Stuart AL, Hayley AC, Byrne ML, Maes M |date=September 2013 |title=So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from? |journal=BMC Medicine |volume=11 |pages=200 |doi=10.1186/1741-7015-11-200 |pmc=3846682 |pmid=24228900 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Inflammatory processes can be triggered by negative cognitions or their consequences, such as stress, violence, or deprivation. Thus, negative cognitions can cause inflammation that can, in turn, lead to depression.<ref name="Cox et al. (2012)">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cox WT, Abramson LY, Devine PG, Hollon SD |date=September 2012 |title=Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Depression: The Integrated Perspective |journal=Perspectives on Psychological Science |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=427–49 |doi=10.1177/1745691612455204 |pmid=26168502 |s2cid=1512121}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Derry HM, Fagundes CP |date=November 2015 |title=Inflammation: depression fans the flames and feasts on the heat |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=172 |issue=11 |pages=1075–91 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020152 |pmc=6511978 |pmid=26357876}}</ref>{{Dubious|Depression|reason=Implausible claim apparently not supported by citation.|date=July 2013}}
In addition, there is increasing evidence that inflammation can cause depression because of the increase of cytokines, setting the brain into a "sickness mode".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-04 |title=Is depression a kind of allergic reaction? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jan/04/depression-allergic-reaction-inflammation-immune-system |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021202426/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jan/04/depression-allergic-reaction-inflammation-immune-system |archive-date=21 October 2022 |access-date=11 December 2016 |work=The Guardian |vauthors=Williams C}}</ref>

Classical symptoms of being physically sick, such as lethargy, show a large overlap in behaviors that characterize depression. Levels of cytokines tend to increase sharply during the depressive episodes of people with bipolar disorder and drop off during remission.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brietzke E, Stertz L, Fernandes BS, Kauer-Sant'anna M, Mascarenhas M, Escosteguy Vargas A, Chies JA, Kapczinski F |date=August 2009 |title=Comparison of cytokine levels in depressed, manic and euthymic patients with bipolar disorder |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=214–7 |doi=10.1016/j.jad.2008.12.001 |pmid=19251324}}</ref> Furthermore, it has been shown in clinical trials that anti-inflammatory medicines taken in addition to antidepressants not only significantly improves symptoms but also increases the proportion of subjects positively responding to treatment.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Müller N, Schwarz MJ, Dehning S, Douhe A, Cerovecki A, Goldstein-Müller B, Spellmann I, Hetzel G, Maino K, Kleindienst N, Möller HJ, Arolt V, Riedel M |date=July 2006 |title=The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib has therapeutic effects in major depression: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, add-on pilot study to reboxetine |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=680–4 |doi=10.1038/sj.mp.4001805 |pmid=16491133 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Inflammations that lead to serious depression could be caused by common infections such as those caused by a virus, bacteria or even parasites.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Canli T |year=2014 |title=Reconceptualizing major depressive disorder as an infectious disease |journal=Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders |volume=4 |pages=10 |doi=10.1186/2045-5380-4-10 |pmc=4215336 |pmid=25364500 |doi-access=free}}</ref>