Editing History of Spain (section)

===First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)===
{{Main|First Spanish Republic}}
[[File:La République à Madrid, Scènes des rues dans la soirée du 11 Février, de Vierge.jpg|thumb|right|Proclamation of the Spanish Republic in Madrid]]

In the absence of the Monarch, a government of radicals and Republicans was formed and declared Spain a republic. The [[First Spanish Republic]] (1873–74) was immediately under siege from all quarters. The [[Carlist]]s were the most immediate threat, launching a violent insurrection after their poor showing in the 1872 elections. There were calls for socialist revolution from the [[International Workingmen's Association]], revolts and unrest in the autonomous regions of [[Navarre]] and [[Catalonia]], and pressure from the Catholic Church against the fledgling republic.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brandt|first=Joseph August|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/939629578|title=Toward a new Spain, the Spanish revolution of 1868 and the first republic|date=1976|publisher=Porcupine Press|isbn=0-87991-607-9|oclc=939629578}}</ref>

A coup took place in January 1874, when [[Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque|General Pavía]] broke into the Cortes. This prevented the formation of a federal republican government, forced the dissolution of the Parliament and led to the instauration of a unitary praetorian republic ruled by [[Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre|General Serrano]], paving the way for the [[Restoration (Spain)|Restoration of the Monarchy]] through another ''[[pronunciamiento]]'', this time by [[Arsenio Martínez Campos]], in December 1874.