Editing High-speed rail (section)

====Italy====
{{Main|High-speed rail in Italy}}
[[File:Italy TAV.png|thumb|Map of Italian high-speed and higher speed rail network]]
[[File:Frecciarossa 1000 No' 08.jpg|thumb|[[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane|FS]]' [[Frecciarossa 1000]] high speed train at [[Milano Centrale railway station]], with a maximum speed of {{convert|400|km/h|0|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures |url=http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000:-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures |publisher=Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane |access-date=24 November 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218192603/http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000%3A-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures |archive-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> is one of the fastest trains in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train/ |title=Frecciarossa 1000 Very High-Speed Train |website=Railway Technology |access-date=2016-05-05 |archive-date=9 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809032916/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346 |title=French Train Breaks Speed Record |website=[[CBC News]] |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805201116/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:Italo Evo in Venezia.jpg|thumb|{{ill|ETR 675|it|Elettrotreno NTV ETR.675}} ''Italo EVO'' ([[Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori|NTV]]) at [[Venezia Mestre railway station]].]]

The earliest European high-speed railway to be built was the Italian [[Florence–Rome high-speed railway]] (also called "Direttissima") in 1977.<ref name="op.europa.eu"/> High-speed trains in Italy were developed during the 1960s. [[FS Class E444|E444]] locomotives were the first standard locomotives capable of {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, while an [[ALe 601]] [[electrical multiple unit]] (EMU) reached a speed of {{convert|240|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} during a test. Other EMUs, such as the [[ETR 220]], [[ETR 250]] and [[ETR 300]], were also updated for speeds up to {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. The braking systems of cars were updated to match the increased speeds.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

On 25 June 1970, work was started on the [[Florence–Rome high-speed railway line|Rome–Florence ''Direttissima'']], the first high-speed line in Italy and in Europe. It included the {{convert|5,375|m|mi|adj=mid|-long}} bridge on the [[Paglia]] river, then the longest in Europe. Works were completed in the early 1990s.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

In 1975, a program for a widespread updating of rolling stock was launched. As it was decided to put more emphasis on local traffic, this caused a shifting of resources from the ongoing high-speed projects, with their subsequent slowing or, in some cases, total abandonment. Therefore, 160 [[FS Class E.656|E.656]] electric and 35 [[FS Class D.345|D.345]] locomotives for short-medium range traffic were acquired, together with 80 EMUs of the [[FS Class ALe 801/940|ALe 801/940]] class, 120 [[FS Class ALn 668|ALn 668]] diesel railcars. Some 1,000 much-needed passenger and 7,000 freight cars were also ordered.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

In the 1990s, work started on the [[Treno Alta Velocità]] (''TAV'') project, which involved building a new high-speed network on the routes [[Milan]] – (Bologna–Florence–Rome–Naples) – [[Salerno]], [[Turin]] – (Milan–Verona–Venice) – [[Trieste]] and Milan–[[Genoa]]. Most of the planned lines have already been opened, while international links with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia are underway.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Most of the [[Rome–Naples high-speed railway line|Rome–Naples line]] opened in December 2005, the [[Turin–Milan high-speed railway line|Turin–Milan line]] partially opened in February 2006 and the [[Milan–Bologna high-speed railway line|Milan–Bologna line]] opened in December 2008. The remaining sections of the Rome–Naples and the Turin–Milan lines and the [[Bologna–Florence high-speed railway line|Bologna–Florence line]] were completed in December 2009. All these lines are designed for speeds up to {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Since then, it is possible to travel from Turin to Salerno ({{convert|950|km|abbr=on}}) in less than 5 hours. More than 100 trains per day are operated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trenitalia.com/tcom/Le-Frecce/Collegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa|title=Viaggia con i treni Frecciarossa e acquista il biglietti a prezzi scontati - Le Frecce - Trenitalia|website=trenitalia.com|language=it|access-date=2017-05-14}}</ref>

Other proposed high-speed lines are [[Salerno–Reggio Calabria high-speed railway line|Salerno-Reggio Calabria]]<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.ferrovie.info/index.php/it/13-treni-reali/17310-ferrovie-ecco-il-progetto-della-av-ac-salerno-reggio-calabria|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208080106/https://www.ferrovie.info/index.php/it/13-treni-reali/17310-ferrovie-ecco-il-progetto-della-av-ac-salerno-reggio-calabria|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 February 2021|title=Ferrovie: Ecco il progetto della AV/AC Salerno-Reggio Calabria|date=8 February 2021|access-date=8 February 2021}}</ref> (connected to Sicily with the future [[Strait of Messina Bridge|bridge over the Strait of Messina]]<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.citynow.it/alta-velocita-ferroviaria-sa-rc-come-cambiano-scenari-foto-social-ponte-stretto/|title=Alta velocità ferroviaria SA-RC, come cambiano gli scenari.|date=11 January 2024 |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref>), [[Palermo–Catania high-speed railway line|Palermo-Catania]]<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.strettoweb.com/2023/05/alta-velocita-salerno-reggio-palermo-catania-messina-lavori-37-miliardi/1520865/|title=Alta velocità ferroviaria Salerno-Reggio e Palermo-Catania Messina: aggiudicati lavori per altri 3,7 miliardi|date=12 May 2023 |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> and [[Naples–Bari high-speed railway line|Naples–Bari]].<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.quotidiano.net/economia/alta-velocita-napoli-bari-d84a609c|title=Alta velocità Napoli-Bari. Partiti i lavori. Sei miliardi per collegare le due città in 2 ore a 40 minuti|date=9 August 2023 |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref>

The main public operator of high-speed trains (''alta velocità AV'', formerly [[Eurostar Italia]]) is [[Trenitalia]], part of [[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane|FSI]]. Trains are divided into three categories (called "[[Le Frecce]]"): ''[[Frecciarossa]]'' ("Red arrow") trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on dedicated high-speed tracks; ''[[Frecciargento]]'' (Silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|250|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on both high-speed and mainline tracks; ''[[Frecciabianca]]'' (White arrow) trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on mainline tracks only.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interrail.eu/it/plan-your-trip/tips-and-tricks/trains-europe/high-speed-trains/le-frecce|title=Treno ad alta velocità Le Frecce|access-date=24 September 2024|language=it}}</ref>

Since 2012, a new and Italy's first private train operator, [[Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori|NTV]] (branded as Italo), runs high-speed services in competition with [[Trenitalia]]. Italy is the only country in Europe with a private high-speed train operator.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Construction of the Milan-Venice high-speed line began in 2013 and in 2016 the [[Milan–Verona high-speed railway|Milan-Treviglio]] section has been opened to passenger traffic; the Milan-Genoa high-speed line (Terzo Valico dei Giovi) is also under construction.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Today it is possible to travel from Rome to Milan in less than 3 hours with the [[Frecciarossa 1000]] high-speed train. There is a train every 30 minutes.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}