Editing Guernsey (section)

==Culture==

{{main|Culture of Guernsey}}

[[File:George Métivier.jpg|thumb|left|[[George Métivier]]]]

[[File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Children on the Seashore, Guernsey (Enfants au bord de la mer à Guernesey) - BF10 - Barnes Foundation.jpg|thumb|''Children on the Beach of Guernsey'' (1883) by Pierre-Auguste Renoir]]
The French [[impressionist]] painter [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] visited the island in late summer 1883. While on the island, he painted fifteen pictures of the views on the island, all featuring the bay and beach of Moulin Huet on the south coast.<ref>{{Cite book |last=House |first=John |url=http://www.museums.gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=81297&p=0 |title=Renoir in Guernsey |date=1988 |publisher=Guernsey Museum & Art Gallery |isbn=978-1871560817 |page=3 |access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Guernsey cow.jpg|thumb|A Guernsey cow]]
[[Guernsey cow|Guernsey cattle]] are an internationally famous icon of the island. As well as being prized for its rich creamy milk, which is claimed to hold health benefits over milk from other breeds,<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2001 |title=Milk protein blamed for heart disease |publisher=BBC News – Health |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/1268481.stm |access-date=31 May 2011}}</ref> Guernsey cattle are increasingly being raised for their distinctively flavoured and rich yellowy-fatted beef, with butter made from the milk of Guernsey cows also having a distinctive yellow colour.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Samuel |url=https://archive.org/details/atopographicald02lewigoog |title=A Topographical Dictionary of England |date=1831 |publisher=S Lewis and Co |location=London}}</ref> Since the 1960s the number of individual islanders raising these cattle for private supply has diminished significantly, but Guernsey steers can still be occasionally seen grazing on L'Ancresse common.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grazing returns to L'Ancresse Common |url=http://www.birdsontheedge.org/2017/04/07/grazing-returns-to-lancresse-common/ |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=Birds on the Edge|date=7 April 2017 }}</ref>

Guernsey also hosts a breed of goat known as the [[Golden Guernsey|Royal Golden Guernsey Goat]], distinguished by its golden-coloured coat. At the end of the [[Second World War]], the Golden Guernsey had almost been rendered extinct due to [[Hybrid (biology)|interbreeding]] on the island. The survival of this breed is largely credited to the work of a single woman, Miriam Milbourne, who successfully hid her herd from the Germans during the occupation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Angus |date=4 May 2007 |title=Alive and kicking |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/24c16874-fa33-11db-8bd0-000b5df10621 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/24c16874-fa33-11db-8bd0-000b5df10621 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> Although no longer considered to be [[critically endangered]], the breed remains on the watchlist of the [[Rare Breeds Survival Trust]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of the Golden Guernsey Goat |url=http://www.goldenguernseygoat.org.uk/history.htm |access-date=19 September 2017 |website=Golden Guernsey Goat Society |archive-date=22 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922145745/http://www.goldenguernseygoat.org.uk/history.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The traditional explanation for the donkey (''âne'' in French and Guernésiais) is the steepness of St Peter Port streets that necessitated beasts of burden for transport (in contrast to the flat terrain of the rival capital of [[Saint Helier]] in Jersey), although it is also used in reference to Guernsey inhabitants' stubbornness. In turn, Guernseymen traditionally refer to Jerseymen as ''[[crapaud]]s'' ("[[toad]]s").<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2014 |title=Jersey toad is unique species, say experts |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-29530886 |access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

The so-called [[Nerine sarniensis|Guernsey lily]], ''Nerine sarniensis'', is also used as a symbol of the island, although this species was introduced to the island from South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nerine sarniensis |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/84299/Nerine-sarniensis/Details |access-date=29 November 2017 |website=Royal Horticultural Society}}</ref>

=== Local food ===
A local delicacy is the [[Abalone|ormer]] (''Haliotis tuberculata''), a variety of abalone harvested under strict laws from beaches at [[Tide|low spring tides]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ormers |url=http://www.visitguernsey.com/ormers |access-date=19 September 2017 |website=Visit Guernsey |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018114324/http://www.visitguernsey.com/ormers |url-status=dead }}</ref> Traditional Guernsey recipes include a stew called [[Guernsey bean jar]], notably served at the annual [[Viaer Marchi]] festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guernsey Bean Jar |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/guernsey/content/articles/2004/07/22/bean_jar_feature.shtml |access-date=29 November 2017 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Its chief ingredients include haricot and butter beans, pork, and shin beef. [[Guernsey gâche]] (pronounced "gosh") is a special bread made with raisins, sultanas and mixed peel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guernsey Gâche |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/guernsey/content/articles/2004/07/22/gache_feature.shtml |access-date=29 November 2017 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> ''Gâche mélée'' is a dessert consisting of spiced, chopped apples suspended in a sponge mix.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Gache Melee - Guernsey Apple Dessert Recipe - Food.com|url=https://www.food.com/recipe/gache-melee-guernsey-apple-dessert-389531|access-date=14 May 2021|website=www.food.com}}</ref>

=== Languages ===
English is the language in general use by the majority of the population, while [[Guernésiais]], the [[Norman language]] of the island, is spoken fluently by only about 2% of the population (according to the 2001 census). However, 14% of the population claim some understanding of the language. Until the early 20th century, French was the only official language of the Bailiwick, and all deeds for the sale and purchase of real estate in Guernsey were written in French until 1971. Family and place names reflect this linguistic heritage. [[George Métivier]], a poet, wrote in Guernésiais. The loss of the island's language and the Anglicisation of its culture, which began in the 19th century and proceeded inexorably for a century, accelerated sharply when the majority of the island's school children were evacuated to the UK for five years during the German occupation of 1940–45.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

=== Literature ===

[[Victor Hugo]], having arrived on Halloween 1855,<ref name="Cooper192"/> wrote some of his best-known works while in exile in Guernsey, including ''[[Les Misérables]]''. His home in St Peter Port, Hauteville House, is now a museum administered by the city of [[Paris]]. In 1866, he published a novel set on Guernsey, ''Travailleurs de la Mer'' (''[[Toilers of the Sea]]''), which he dedicated to the island. Guernsey was his home for fifteen years.<ref name="Cooper192"/>

[[Mabel Collins]] (1851–1927), a [[theosophist]] and prolific author, was born in St Peter Port.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-20 |title=Collins, Mabel (1851-1927). |url=https://www.theosophyforward.com/collins-mabel-1851-1927 |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=Theosophy Forward |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mabel Collins Kim Farnell Astrologer-Writer |url=http://www.kimfarnell.co.uk/mabel1.htm |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=www.kimfarnell.co.uk}}</ref>

Guernseyman [[Gerald Basil Edwards|G. B. Edwards]] wrote a critically acclaimed novel, ''[[The Book of Ebenezer Le Page]]'', that was published in 1981, including insights into Guernsey life during the 20th century.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 1981 |title=A Novel of Life in a Small World |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/19/books/a-novel-of-life-in-a-small-world.html |access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref><ref>Chaney, Edward, GB Edwards and Ebenezer Le Page, Review of the [[Guernsey Society]], Parts 1–3, 1994–95.</ref> In September 2008, a [[blue plaque]] was affixed to the house on the Braye Road where Edwards was raised.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A plaque for G.B. Edwards |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/guernsey/content/articles/2008/10/13/gb_edwards_plaque_feature.shtml |access-date=20 November 2017 |website=BBC}}</ref>

[[Henry Watson Fowler]] moved to Guernsey in 1903. He and his brother [[Francis George Fowler]] composed ''[[The King's English]]'', the [[Concise Oxford Dictionary]] and much of ''[[Modern English Usage]]'' on the island.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2009 |title=H.W. Fowler, the King of English |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/13/books/review/Holt-t.html |access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

''[[The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society]]'', a novel by [[Mary Ann Shaffer]] and [[Annie Barrows]], describes the [[Military occupation|Occupation]] of Germans during [[World War II]]. Written in 2009, it is about a writer who begins corresponding with residents of the island, and becomes compelled to visit the island.

===Film===
A [[The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (film)|film adaptation]] of ''The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society'', starring [[Lily James]] and [[Jessica Brown Findlay]], was released in 2018.

The 2022 British psychological thriller film ''Marooned Awakening'', starring [[Murray McArthur]], [[Tilly Keeper]] and [[Tim McInnerny]] was co-written by and stars Guernseyman Cameron Ashplant. He produced the film through Across the Channel Productions Ltd, alongside London-based director Musaab Mustafa, and Guernsey co-producers Frances and Roger Le Tissier of Ivy Gate Films. Principal photography was completed entirely on Guernsey in September 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grobar |first1=Matt |title=Thrillers 'Marooned Awakening', 'American Trash' And 'Deadly Games' Set Casts; Gravitas Acquires 'The Other Me' From EP David Lynch And Horror Pic 'Tethered'; More – Film Briefs |url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/marooned-awakening-american-trash-deadly-games-set-casts-film-briefs-1234921342/ |access-date=27 May 2022 |publisher=Deadline Hollywood |date=28 January 2022}}</ref> The film premiered on the island at Beau Séjour Theatre on 3 September 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clayton |first1=Laura |title=Blackadder, Notting Hill, Game of Thrones - and now Guernsey |url=https://gsy.bailiwickexpress.com/gsy/news/tim-mcinnerny-star-local-film/ |access-date=27 May 2022 |publisher=Bailiwick Express |date=3 February 2022}}</ref>

===Media===
Local TV coverage is provided by [[BBC South West|BBC Channel Islands]] and [[ITV Channel Television]]. There are three relay transmitters in Guernsey (St Peter Port,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/St_Peter_Port|title= Freeview Light on the St Peter Port transmitter|date=May 2004 |publisher=UK Free TV |access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref> Les Touillets<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Les_Touillets|title= Freeview Light on the Les Touillets transmitter|date=May 2004 |publisher=UK Free TV |access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref> and Torteval<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Torteval|title= Freeview Light on the Torteval transmitter|date=May 2004 |publisher=UK Free TV |access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref>) which are transmitted from the [[Fremont Point transmitting station|Fremont Point]] transmitter.

Guernsey has two radio stations: [[BBC Radio Guernsey]] on 93.2 FM and [[Island FM]] on 104.7 FM, which both broadcast from [[Saint Peter Port|St. Peter Port]].

The main local newspaper for the island is served by the ''[[Guernsey Press]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guernseypress.com/|title=Guernsey Press|access-date=23 January 2024}}</ref>

===Sport===
{{main|Sport in Guernsey}}
[[File:Jersey Town Criterium 2010 53.jpg|thumb|Joshua Gosselin racing for the Guernsey Velo Club]]
Guernsey participates in the biennial [[Island Games]], which it hosted in 1987, 2003 and 2023 at [[Footes Lane]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Games Reports & Results |url=http://www.iiga.org/games.html |access-date=10 November 2017 |website=International Island Games Association}}</ref> Guernsey has also participated as a country in its own right in [[Commonwealth Games]] since [[1970 British Commonwealth Games|1970]]. Its first medals came in [[1982 Commonwealth Games|1982]] with its first gold in [[1990 Commonwealth Games|1990]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guernsey – Introduction |url=https://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=GGY |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202424/https://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=GGY |archive-date=14 November 2017 |access-date=14 November 2017 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref>

In those sporting events where Guernsey does not have international representation, but the British [[Home Nations]] are competing separately, highly skilled islanders may choose to compete for any of the Home Nations. There are, however, restrictions on subsequent transfers to represent other Home Nations. The football player [[Matt Le Tissier]], for example, could have played for the [[Scotland national football team|Scottish]] or [[Wales national football team|Welsh]] football teams, but opted to play for [[England national football team|England]] instead.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 November 2020|title=Matt Le Tissier – 'Le God' Who Lived Among the Saints|url=https://punditfeed.com/nostalgia/matt-le-tissier/|access-date=24 May 2021|website=Pundit Feed|language=en}}</ref>

Football in Guernsey is run by the [[Guernsey Football Association]]. The top tier of Guernsey football is the FNB [[Priaulx League]] where there are eight teams (Alderney, Belgrave Wanderers, Northerners, Sylvans, St Martin's, Rovers, [[Guernsey Rangers F.A.C.|Rangers]] and [[Vale Recreation F.C.|Vale Recreation]]). The second tier is the [[Jackson League]]. In the 2011–12 season, [[Guernsey F.C.]] was formed and entered the [[Combined Counties League]] Division 1, becoming the first Channel Island club ever to compete in the English leagues. Guernsey became division champions comfortably on 24 March 2012,<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 March 2012 |title=Guernsey FC secure Combined Counties Division One title |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17501874 |access-date=25 March 2012}}</ref> they won the Combined Counties Premier Challenge Cup on 4 May 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guernsey Press |date=7 May 2012 |title='Dom'-inating Green Lions finally get just rewards |url=http://www.thisisguernsey.com/sport/2012/05/07/dom-inating-green-lions-finally-get-just-rewards/ |access-date=7 May 2012 |publisher=thisisguernsey |archive-date=7 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107011222/http://www.thisisguernsey.com/sport/2012/05/07/dom-inating-green-lions-finally-get-just-rewards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Their second season saw them promoted again on the final day in front of 1,754 'Green Lions' fans, this time to Division One South of the Isthmian League,<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 May 2013 |title=Guernsey FC: Fourth Win in Four Days Earns Promotion |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22425517}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2013 |title=Ryman here we come |publisher=Guernsey Press |url=http://www.thisisguernsey.com/sport/2013/05/08/ryman-here-we-come/ |access-date=9 May 2013 |archive-date=11 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511180314/http://www.thisisguernsey.com/sport/2013/05/08/ryman-here-we-come/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> despite their fixtures being heavily affected not only by poor winter weather, but by their notable progression to the semi-finals of the FA Vase cup competition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2013 |title=Guernsey FC lose FA Vase semi-final first leg to Spennymoor |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21894945}}</ref> They play in level 8 of the [[English football pyramid]]. The [[Corbet Field|Corbet Football Field]], donated by Jurat Wilfred Corbet in 1932, has fostered the sport greatly over the years. Recently,{{when|date=November 2023}} the island upgraded to a larger, better-quality stadium, in Footes Lane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC photo of Guernsey Stadium |url=http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38868000/jpg/_38868145_guernseystadium203.jpg |access-date=31 May 2011}}</ref>

Guernsey has the second oldest tennis club in the world, at Kings<ref name="kingstory">{{Cite web |title=The Kings Story |url=http://kings.gg/about-us/the-kings-story/ |access-date=14 November 2017 |website=Kings Premier Health Club}}</ref> (founded in 1857<ref>{{Cite web |title=Island Archives acquires Guernsey Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club historical material |url=https://www.gov.gg/article/155445/Island-Archives-acquires-Guernsey-Lawn-Tennis-and-Croquet-Club-historical-material |access-date=14 November 2017 |website=Gov.GG|date=29 July 2016 }}</ref>), with courts built in 1875. The island has produced a world class tennis player in [[Heather Watson]] as well as professional squash players in [[Martine Le Moignan]], [[Lisa Opie]] and [[Chris Simpson (squash player)|Chris Simpson]].<ref name="kingstory" />

Guernsey was declared an affiliate member by the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC) in 2005 and an associate member in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guernsey |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/europe/associate/102 |access-date=14 November 2017 |website=[[International Cricket Council]] |archive-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731102550/https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/europe/associate/102 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Guernsey cricket team]] plays in the [[World Cricket League]] and [[European Cricket Championship]] as well as the [[Sussex Cricket League]].

Various forms of [[motorsport]] take place on the island, including races on the sands on Vazon beach as well as a quarter-mile "sprint" along the Vazon coast road. Le Val des Terres, a steeply winding road rising south from St Peter Port to Fort George, is often the focus of both local and international [[hill-climb]] races. The 2005, 2006 and 2007 World Touring Car Champion [[Andy Priaulx]] is a Guernseyman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andy Priaulx |url=http://www.chipganassiracing.com/Drivers/Andy-Priaulx.aspx |access-date=16 November 2017 |website=Chip Ganassi Racing}}</ref>

The [[racecourse]] on [[L'Ancresse]] Common was re-established in 2004 after a gap of 13 years, with the first new race occurring on 2 May 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Connaughton |first=Mick |date=31 August 2004 |title=Racing: Guernsey racecourse ready for revival after gap of 13 years |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/racing-guernsey-racecourse-ready-for-revival-after-gap-of-13-years-558472.html |access-date=14 November 2017}}</ref> Races are held on most May Day [[bank holiday]]s, with competitors from Guernsey as well as Jersey, France and the UK participating. [[Sea angling]] around Guernsey and the other islands in the Bailiwick from shore or boat is a popular pastime for both locals and visitors with the Bailiwick boasting multiple UK records.