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===Sources=== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last1=Abelson |first1=Raziel |last2=Nielsen |first2=Kai |editor1-last=Borchert |editor1-first=Donald M. |title=Encyclopedia of Philosophy |volume=3 |date=2006 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-02-866072-1 |edition=2. |chapter=Ethics, History of }} * {{cite web |author1=AHD staff |title=Ethics |url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ethics&submit.x=58&submit.y=14 |website=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=HarperCollins |access-date=6 January 2024 |date=2022 |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106132027/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ethics&submit.x=58&submit.y=14 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Airaksinen |first1=T. |editor1-last=Chadwick |editor1-first=Ruth |title=Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics |date=1998 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-373932-2 |edition=2 |chapter=Professional Ethics }} * {{cite web |last1=Alexander |first1=Larry |last2=Moore |first2=Michael |title=Deontological Ethics |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=30 December 2023 |date=2021 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620084241/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Almond |first1=Brenda |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |chapter=Applied Ethics |chapter-url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/applied-ethics/v-1 |access-date=23 December 2023 |language=en |date=1998 |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-L005-1 |isbn=978-0-415-25069-6 |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201103316/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/applied-ethics/v-1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Ames |first1=Roger T. |editor1-last=Becker |editor1-first=Lawrence C. |editor2-last=Becker |editor2-first=Charlotte B. |title=Encyclopedia of Ethics |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-35096-3 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfeOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1685 |language=en |chapter=Taoist Ethics |access-date=January 3, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Armour |first1=Robert A. |title=Gods and Myths of Ancient Egypt |publisher=American University in Cairo Press |isbn=978-977-424-669-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3z5OzHgtK4sC&pg=PA134 |language=en |date=2001 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite web |last1=Ashford |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Mulgan |first2=Tim |title=Contractualism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/contractualism/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=3 January 2024 |date=2018 |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109215914/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/contractualism/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Athanassoulis |first1=Nafsika |title=Virtue Ethics |date=2012 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-4411-6287-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DaFVIDIXicQC |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite web |last1=Austin |first1=Michael W. |title=Divine Command Theory |url=https://iep.utm.edu/divine-command-theory/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=31 December 2023 |archive-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231094932/https://iep.utm.edu/divine-command-theory/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Baggini |first1=Julian |last2=Fosl |first2=Peter S. |title=The Ethics Toolkit: A Compendium of Ethical Concepts and Methods |date=2024 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-89197-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZvfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA284 |language=en |access-date=January 7, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Bailey |first1=Tom |editor1-last=Gemes |editor1-first=Ken |editor2-last=Richardson |editor2-first=John |title=The Oxford Handbook of Nietzsche |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-953464-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXyHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA147 |language=en |chapter=Nietzsche the Kantian? 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G. |title=A Companion to Applied Ethics |date=2003 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-7190-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qws8gf4f4iUC |language=en |chapter=The Nature of Applied Ethics |access-date=December 27, 2023 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite web |last1=Belzer |first1=Marvin |title=Deontic Logic |url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/deontic-logic/v-1 |website=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |access-date=7 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107191504/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/deontic-logic/v-1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last1=Bergoffen |first1=Debra |last2=Burke |first2=Megan |title=Simone de Beauvoir |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/beauvoir/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=2023 |archive-date=March 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311025425/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/beauvoir/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Blidstein |first1=Gerald J. |title=Tikkun Olam |journal=Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought |date=1995 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=5–43 |jstor=23260803 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23260803 |issn=0041-0608 |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101130208/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23260803 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Blum |first1=Lawrence |chapter=Ethics and Morality |editor1-last=Borchert |editor1-first=Donald |title=Encyclopedia of Philosophy |edition=2 |date=2006 |publisher=Macmillan |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ethics-and-morality |isbn=978-0-02-865790-5 |access-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-date=June 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607022901/https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ethics-and-morality |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Bollag |first1=David |chapter=Jewish Religious Law |editor-last1=Hurwitz |editor-first1=Peter Joel |editor-last2=Picard |editor-first2=Jacques |editor-last3=Steinberg |editor-first3=Avraham |title=Jewish Ethics and the Care of End-of-life Patients: A Collection of Rabbinical, Bioethical, Philosophical, and Juristic Opinions |date=2006 |publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc. |isbn=978-0-88125-921-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMs-_Giyk6QC&pg=PA15 |language=en |access-date=January 3, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Boonin |first1=David |editor1-last=Boonin |editor1-first=David |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Sexual Ethics |date=2022 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-87786-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L1dEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en |chapter=1. Introduction: Sex, Ethics, and Philosophy |access-date=December 27, 2023 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Boyd |first1=Craig A. |last2=Timpe |first2=Kevin |title=The Virtues: A Very Short Introduction |date=2021 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-258407-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIskEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |language=en |access-date=December 19, 2023 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Brandon |first1=S. G. F. |editor1-last=Hinnells |editor1-first=John R. |title=Mithraic Studies: Proceedings of the First International Congress of Mithraic Studies |date=1975 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-0536-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eBy8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA474 |language=en |chapter=The Idea of the Judgment of the Dead in Ancient Near East |access-date=December 19, 2023 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Brannigan |first1=Michael C. |title=Striking a Balance: A Primer in Traditional Asian Values |date=2010 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7391-3846-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axvPxswqNLQC&pg=PA145 |language=en |access-date=January 3, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Braunack-Mayer |first1=A. J. |last2=Street |first2=J. M. |last3=Palmer |first3=N. |editor1-last=Chadwick |editor1-first=Ruth |title=Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics |date=1998 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-373932-2 |edition=2 |chapter=Technology, Ethics Of: Overview }} * {{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=Andrew |last2=Lo |first2=Norva Y. S. |title=Environmental Ethics |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=24 December 2023 |date=2022 |archive-date=August 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804112152/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Brink |first1=David O. |editor1-last=Portmore |editor1-first=Douglas W. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-090533-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0D8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA382 |language=en |chapter=Consequentialism, the Separateness of Persons, and Aggregation |access-date=January 3, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=James Robert |last2=Fehige |first2=Yiftach |title=Thought Experiments |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thought-experiment/ |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=29 October 2021 |date=2019 |archive-date=21 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121022040/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thought-experiment/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Brun |first1=Georg |title=The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-17502-7 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315175027-12/thought-experiments-ethics-georg-brun |chapter=Thought Experiments in Ethics |pages=195–210 |doi=10.4324/9781315175027-12 |access-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707210145/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315175027-12/thought-experiments-ethics-georg-brun |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Bunnin |first1=Nicholas |last2=Yu |first2=Jiyuan |title=The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy |date=2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-4051-9112-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7ZFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 |language=en |access-date=January 3, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Byron |first1=Michael |title=Satisficing and Maximizing: Moral Theorists on Practical Reason |date=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-01005-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bRFFsQE2BrQC&pg=PA9 |language=en |access-date=January 3, 2024 |chapter=Introduction }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite web |last1=Calder |first1=Todd |title=The Concept of Evil |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/concept-evil/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=2022 }} * {{cite book |last1=Calida |first1=Behnido Y. |editor-last1=Keating |editor-first1=Charles B. |editor-last2=Katina |editor-first2=Polinpapilinho F. |editor-last3=Jr |editor-first3=Charles W. Chesterman |editor-last4=Pyne |editor-first4=James C. |title=Complex System Governance: Theory and Practice |date=2022 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-93852-9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LVrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 |language=en |chapter=System Governance |access-date=January 4, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Keith |editor1-last=Borchert |editor1-first=Donald M. |title=Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 7: Oakeshott – Presupposition |date=2006 |publisher=Thomson Gale, Macmillan Reference |isbn=978-0-02-865787-5 |edition=2 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy/philosophy-terms-and-concepts/ontology |chapter=Ontology |access-date=21 March 2024 |archive-date=29 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129034430/https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy/philosophy-terms-and-concepts/ontology |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=Keith |title=Self-mastery and Stoic Ethics |journal=Philosophy |date=1985 |volume=60 |issue=233 |pages=327–340 |doi=10.1017/S0031819100070170 |s2cid=144863967 |issn=1469-817X }} * {{cite book |last1=Cardwell |first1=Charles |title=Hornbook Ethics |publisher=Hackett Publishing |isbn=978-1-62466-374-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iEbKBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |language=en |date=2015 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Carlson |first1=E. |title=Consequentialism Reconsidered |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-015-8553-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHIlBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |language=en |date=2013 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Caro |first1=Mario De |last2=Marraffa |first2=Massimo |last3=Vaccarezza |first3=Maria Silvia |editor1-last=Caro |editor1-first=Mario De |editor2-last=Vaccarezza |editor2-first=Maria Silvia |title=Practical Wisdom: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-40605-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QL4sEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT31 |language=en |chapter=The Priority of Phronesis: How to Rescue Virtue Theory From Its Critics |access-date=January 3, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Catalano |first1=George D. |title=Engineering Ethics: Peace, Justice, and the Earth, Second Edition |date=2022 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-031-02115-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYhyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |language=en |access-date=December 27, 2023 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Chakraborti |first1=Chhanda |title=Introduction to Ethics: Concepts, Theories, and Contemporary Issues |date=2023 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-99-0707-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f5jXEAAAQBAJ |language=en |access-date=December 27, 2023 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite web |last1=Chappell |first1=Sophie-Grace |last2=Smyth |first2=Nicholas |title=Bernard Williams |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/williams-bernard/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=8 January 2024 |date=2023 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710193743/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/williams-bernard/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Chism |first1=Lisa Astalos |editor1-last=Chism |editor1-first=Lisa Astalos |title=The Doctor of Nursing Practice |publisher=Jones & Bartlett |isbn=978-1-284-06625-8 |edition=3 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fIaHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA207 |chapter=The DNP Graduate as Ethical Consultant |date=2016 }} * {{cite book |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Sanjoy Barua |editor1-last=Thien |editor1-first=Thich Duc |editor2-last=Tu |editor2-first=Thich Nhat |title=Buddhist Approach to Global Education in Ethics |date=2019 |publisher=Vietnam Buddhist University Publications |isbn=978-604-89-7928-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qy2bDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA494 |language=en |chapter=28. Ethical Challenges for Global Education: A Buddhist Perspective |access-date=January 3, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Christians |first1=Clifford G. |editor1-last=Mitcham |editor1-first=Carl |title=Encyclopedia of Science, Technology and Ethics |volume=3 |date=2005 |publisher=Thomson Gale |isbn=978-0-02-865834-6 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/communication-ethics |chapter=Communication Ethics |access-date=December 27, 2023 |archive-date=February 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218223753/https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/communication-ethics |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last1=Cochrane |first1=Alasdair |title=Environmental Ethics |url=https://iep.utm.edu/envi-eth/ |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=June 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627012029/https://www.iep.utm.edu/envi-eth/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Connor |first1=Steven |title=The Cambridge Companion to Postmodernism |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-64840-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfpJqgYC7x8C&pg=PA15 |language=en |chapter=Introduction |date=2004 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite journal |last1=Corbin |first1=Arthur L. |title=Rights and Duties |journal=The Yale Law Journal |date=1924 |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=501–527 |doi=10.2307/788021 |jstor=788021 |issn=0044-0094 }} * {{cite book |last1=Cowan |first1=Steven B. |editor-last1=Cowan |editor-first1=Steven B. |title=Problems in Value Theory: An Introduction to Contemporary Debates |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-350-14741-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2jDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |language=en |chapter=Introduction to Part One |access-date=January 4, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Craig |first1=Edward |title=Ontology |url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/ontology/v-1 |encyclopedia=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |access-date=17 June 2024 |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-N039-1 |date=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-25069-6 |archive-date=March 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320180209/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/ontology/v-1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Crisp |first1=Roger |chapter=Deontological Ethics |editor1-last=Honderich |editor1-first=Ted |title=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/HONTOC-2 |isbn=978-0-19-926479-7 |access-date=December 19, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129082636/https://philpapers.org/rec/HONTOC-2 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Crisp |first1=Roger |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |date=2011 |publisher=Routledge |url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/overview/ethics/v-2 |language=en |chapter=Ethics |doi=10.4324/9780415249126-L132-2 |isbn=978-0-415-25069-6 |access-date=January 7, 2024 |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801214524/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/overview/ethics/v-2 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Cummiskey |first1=David |title=Kantian Consequentialism |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-509453-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYPmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157 |language=en |access-date=January 3, 2024 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Cuneo |first1=Terence |title=A Dictionary of Ethics |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-183575-9 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191835759.001.0001/acref-9780191835759-e-117 |language=en |chapter=Teleological Suspension of the Ethical |date=2020 }} * {{cite book |author1=Dalai Lama |editor1-last=Jahanbegloo |editor1-first=Ramin |title=India Revisited: Conversations on Continuity and Change |publisher=Oxford University Press India |isbn=978-0-19-908788-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCwpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT127 |language=en |chapter=Buddhism and India |date=2007 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite book |last1=Dalal |first1=Roshen |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA465 |language=en |date=2010 }}{{cbignore}} * {{cite web |last1=Dalal |first1=Neil |title=Śaṅkara |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/shankara/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=18 December 2023 |date=2021 |archive-date=January 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127111736/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/shankara/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last1=Darwall |first1=Stephen L. |editor-last2=Wellman |editor-first2=Christopher Heath |editor1-last=Frey |editor1-first=R. 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