Editing Dushanbe (section)

=== Performing arts ===
[[File:Народная мелодия в исполнении Насибы Омонбоевой и Камолиддина Хамдамова.jpg|thumb|Shashmaqam in the Dushanbe Concert Hall]]
During the 19th century, [[shashmaqam]] was the most prevalent musical genre in Tajikistan. While Soviet authorities labeled it as "music composed for the Emir" and repressed it, in modern times it has gained greater popularity.<ref name="iias-2020" />

During the [[Tajik SSR|Soviet period]], the [[Soviet Union]] encouraged the development of music in Dushanbe, a less culturally crowded place then typical [[List of cities in Russia by population|Russian megacities]]. Revolutionary songs, like the [[La Marseillaise|Marseillaise]], were promoted and translated into Tajik.<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004l">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65068362|title=Dushanbe : ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡|date=2004|publisher=Glavnai︠a︡ nauchnai︠a︡ redakt︠s︡ii︠a︡ Tadzhikskoĭ nat︠s︡ionalʹnoĭ ėnt︠s︡iklopedii|others=Dinorshoev, Muso.|isbn=5-89870-071-4|location=Dushanbe|chapter=Cinema|oclc=65068362|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028115236/http://dushanbe.tj/img/ENS.doc|archive-date=28 October 2010}}</ref> The Tajik Philharmonic Society was founded in 1938; today, it is named after Akasharif Juraev.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Festive event dedicated to the Day of Tajik Militia (video)|url=https://mvd.tj/index.php/en/information/news-archive/26056-tantani-idona-bakhshida-ba-r-zi-militsiya-3|access-date=2020-08-16|website=mvd.tj|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408232300/https://mvd.tj/index.php/en/information/news-archive/26056-tantani-idona-bakhshida-ba-r-zi-militsiya-3|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Abazov, Rafis|title=Tajikistan|date=2006|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Benchmark|isbn=0-7614-2012-6|page=109|oclc=859079567}}</ref> [[Sergei Artemevich Balasanyan]], an [[Armenian SSR|Armenian]], was one composer who originally went to Dushanbe from 1936–1943 to prepare the SSR for an upcoming Tajik cultural festival to be held in Moscow. While we was there, he described himself as a "composer, social-musical worker, [[folklorist]], and [[Pedagogy|pedagogue]]." He also became the head of the Tajik Composer's Union and the artistic lead of the opera house.<ref name="iias-2020">{{Cite web|title=Opera as the highest stage of Socialism {{!}} IIAS|url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/opera-highest-stage-socialism|access-date=2020-08-16|website=www.iias.asia}}</ref> Large numbers of Russian and Ukrainian symphonies moved to Dushanbe during World War 2.<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004j">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65068362|title=Dushanbe : ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡|date=2004|publisher=Glavnai︠a︡ nauchnai︠a︡ redakt︠s︡ii︠a︡ Tadzhikskoĭ nat︠s︡ionalʹnoĭ ėnt︠s︡iklopedii|others=Dinorshoev, Muso.|isbn=5-89870-071-4|location=Dushanbe|chapter=Theater|oclc=65068362|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028115236/http://dushanbe.tj/img/ENS.doc|archive-date=28 October 2010}}</ref>

The [[:ru:Таджикский театр оперы и балета|Tajik Opera and Ballet Theater]], whose building was named after [[Sadriddin Ayni]] and was the first opera house in Dushanbe, was founded in 1936.<ref name="music-dic-2020">{{Cite web|title=Таджикский Театр Оперы И Балета в музыкальной энциклопедии|url=http://www.music-dic.ru/html-music-enc/t/7385.html|access-date=2020-08-16|website=www.music-dic.ru|archive-date=2 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002040448/http://www.music-dic.ru/html-music-enc/t/7385.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="OperaBalet-2020">{{Cite web|title=История театра|url=http://operabalet.tj/%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0/|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Театр Оперы И Балета|language=ru|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814010414/http://operabalet.tj/%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first opera performed, the first in history of Tajikistan, was The Vose Uprising and detailed a [[Peasants' Revolt|peasants' revolt]] in eastern [[Emirate of Bukhara|Bukhara]] in the late 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-11|title=istoriya-teatra|url=http://operabalet.tj/istoriya-teatra.html|access-date=2020-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211031356/http://operabalet.tj/istoriya-teatra.html|archive-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> One notable singer of the opera was [[Hanifa Mavlianova]].<ref name="Кино-Театр-2020">{{Cite web|title=Таджикский театр оперы и балета им. С.Айни|url=https://www.kino-teatr.ru/teatr/post/770/foto/|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Кино-Театр.РУ}}</ref>

Another musician to come to Dushanbe during the Soviet period was [[Aleksandr Lensky]], a [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic|Moldovan]] who came to Tajikistan in 1937. He was the artistic director of the Lahuti Theatre, director of the [[Tajik Philharmonic]], and first secretary of the Tajik Union of Composers. He also composed the first Tajik opera and many orchestral pieces.<ref name="iias-2020" /> Another orchestra in Dushanbe is the [[Opera Orchestra of Dushanbe|Opera Orchestra]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-11-20|title=Tajikistan honors Iranian conductor Arash Amini|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/394002/Tajikistan-honors-Iranian-conductor-Arash-Amini|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Tehran Times}}</ref> The State Symphony Orchestra of Tajikistan was founded in 2016, and its first concert took place on 9 September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Symphony orchestra will be created in Tajikistan {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus|url=https://www.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/society/20160825/state-symphony-orchestra-will-be-created-tajikistan|access-date=2020-08-16|website=www.asiaplustj.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The first performance of the State Symphony orchestra of Tajikistan will be held on the 9th of September {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus|url=https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/society/20160901/230340|access-date=2020-08-16|website=asiaplustj.info}}</ref> The Tajik Opera and Ballet Theater continues operating to this day and has won the [[Order of Lenin]].<ref name="music-dic-2020" /> At various times the opera house performed operas on modern, historical, national, revolutionary, and heroic themes.<ref name="OperaBalet-2020" />

The Tajik Opera and Ballet Theater also had the first ballet performed in Dushanbe in 1941, entitled Two Roses, and the ballet troupe gradually grew over time.<ref name="Кино-Театр-2020" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayni Academic Opera and Ballet Theater|url=http://www.dushanbehotels.ru/eng/dushanbe/ayni-opera-ballet-theatre.htm|access-date=2020-08-16|website=www.dushanbehotels.ru|archive-date=21 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621130611/http://www.dushanbehotels.ru/eng/dushanbe/ayni-opera-ballet-theatre.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The troupe was improved with graduates from the [[Leningrad Choreographic School]] with ballet dancers such as [[Malika Sobirova|Malika Sabirova]].<ref name="Кино-Театр-2020" /> The theater was refitted in 2009 and continues operating to this day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayni Opera & Ballet Theatre {{!}} Dushanbe, Tajikistan Entertainment|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/tajikistan/dushanbe/entertainment/ayni-opera-ballet-theatre/a/poi-ent/443290/357580|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Lonely Planet}}</ref>[[File:Ayni Opera Theatre, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.jpg|thumb|Ayni Opera theater]]
The 1920s saw the birth of drama in the city. The first, Lahouti theater, was built in 1929. In the 1930s, Soviet themes like class struggle, fighting against the past, and gender equality were prominent in plays. In 1935, the Tajik Musical Theater, now the Ayni theater, was built.<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004j" /><ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004i" /> A comedy troupe was created in 1944 and after the war young artists influenced plays in Dushanbe, influencing the creation of the Tajik State Youth Theater.<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004j" />

Continuing with a nationalist tradition, Tajik classics were made into plays. During World War 2, plays were focused on the war and historical themes from the 1950s onward. In the 70s and 80s foreign plays, like [[Oedipus Rex]], were introduced to Dushanbe. After independence, plays focused primarily on the devastating civil war.<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004i" /><ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004j" /> Today, some theaters are the Tajik Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, the State Russian Drama Theater, the youth theater, the State Experimental Theater, and the republican puppet theater.<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004j" />

The [[Mayakovsky Theatre (Dushanbe)|Mayakovsky Theatre]] was Tajikistan's oldest theatre and last surviving Russian-language theatre company; it was demolished in 2016 as part of the government's wholesale destruction of numerous 20th-century buildings of historical and architectural interest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actors Mourn as Tajikistan's Oldest Theater Is Torn Down {{!}} Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/actors-mourn-tajikistans-oldest-theater-torn-down|access-date=2021-02-26|website=eurasianet.org}}</ref>