Editing Burkina Faso (section)

==Demographics==
{{main|Demographics of Burkina Faso}}
[[File:Ouagadougou (3839513403).jpg|thumb|upright|A Burkinabè [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] man in [[Ouagadougou]]]]
{|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px"
! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Population{{UN_Population|ref}}
|-
! style="background:#cfb;"|Year
! style="background:#cfb;"|Million
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1950||style="text-align:right;"|4.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2000||style="text-align:right;"|11.6
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}}||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Burkina Faso}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}}
|}

Burkina Faso is an ethnically integrated, secular state where most people are concentrated in the south and centre, where their density sometimes exceeds {{convert|48|PD/km2}}. Hundreds of thousands of Burkinabè migrate regularly to Ivory Coast and Ghana, mainly for seasonal agricultural work. These flows of workers are affected by external events; the September 2002 coup attempt in Ivory Coast and the ensuing fighting meant that hundreds of thousands of Burkinabè returned to Burkina Faso. The regional economy suffered when they were unable to work.<ref name=bn/>

[[File:Chiefburkina.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mossi people]] in [[Dourtenga Department]]]]

The [[total fertility rate]] of Burkina Faso was estimated to be 5.93&nbsp;children born per woman in 2014, the sixth highest in the world.<ref name=cia/>

In 2009 the [[U.S. Department of State]]'s ''Trafficking in Persons Report'' reported that [[Slavery in modern Africa|slavery]] in Burkina Faso continued to exist and that Burkinabè children were often the victims.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/BurkinaFaso-2.htm |title=Country Narrative – Burkina Faso |website=gvnet.com}}</ref> Slavery in the [[Sahel]] states in general, is an entrenched institution with a long history that dates back to the [[trans-Saharan slave trade]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7693397.stm "West Africa slavery still widespread]". BBC News. 27 October 2008.</ref> In 2018, an estimated 82,000 people in the country were living under "modern slavery" according to the Global Slavery Index.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/data/country-data/burkina-faso/ | title=Country Data |website=www.globalslaveryindex.org}}</ref>
{{Largest cities
| country      = Burkina Faso
| stat_ref     = According to the 2019 Census<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/burkinafaso/cities/|title=Burkina Faso: Regions, Cities & Urban Localities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>
| list_by_pop  =
| div_name     = Region
| div_link     =

| city_1 = Ouagadougou
| div_1 = Centre Region (Burkina Faso){{!}}Centre
| pop_1 = 2,415,266
| img_1 = LAICO QUAGA 2000 HOTEL.2 - panoramio.jpg

| city_2 = Bobo-Dioulasso
| div_2 = Hauts-Bassins
| pop_2 = 904,920
| img_2 = Bobo-Dioulasso Mosque.jpg

| city_3 = Koudougou
| div_3 = Centre-Ouest
| pop_3 = 160,239
| img_3 = Marché de koudougou.jpg

| city_4 = Saaba
| div_4 = Centre Region (Burkina Faso){{!}}Centre
| pop_4 = 136,011
| img_4 =

| city_5 = Ouahigouya
| div_5 = Nord Region (Burkina Faso){{!}}Nord
| pop_5 = 124,587

| city_6 = Kaya, Burkina Faso{{!}}Kaya
| div_6 = Centre-Nord
| pop_6 = 121,970

| city_7 = Banfora
| div_7 = Cascades Region{{!}}Cascades 
| pop_7 = 117,452

| city_8 = Pouytenga
| div_8 = Centre-Est Region{{!}}Centre-Est
| pop_8 = 96,469

| city_9 = Houndé
| div_9 = Hauts-Bassins
| pop_9 = 87,151

| city_10 = Fada N'gourma
| div_10 = Est Region (Burkina Faso){{!}}Est
| pop_10 = 73,200

}}

===Ethnic groups===
{{Main|Ethnic groups in Burkina Faso}}
Burkina Faso's 23 million people belong to two major West African ethnic cultural groups: the [[Gur languages|Voltaic]] and the [[Mandé peoples|Mandé]] (whose common language is [[Dioula language|Dioula]]). The Voltaic [[Mossi people|Mossi]] make up about one-half of the population. The Mossi claim descent from warriors who migrated to present-day Burkina Faso from [[Northern Region (Ghana)|northern Ghana]] around 1100&nbsp;AD. They established an empire that lasted more than 800&nbsp;years. Predominantly farmers, the Mossi kingdom is led by the ''[[Mogho Naba]],'' whose court is in Ouagadougou.<ref name="bn">{{citation-attribution|1=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2834.htm "Burkina Faso"], U.S. Department of State, June 2008.}}</ref> There are approximately 5,000 Europeans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/burkinafaso/6083.htm|title=Burkina Faso (03/98)}}</ref>

===Languages===
{{bar box
|title=Native Languages in Burkina Faso
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Languages
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Mooré|darkgreen|40.5}}
{{bar percent|Fula|purple|9.3}}
{{bar percent|Gourmanche|red|6.1}}
{{bar percent|Bambara|black|4.9}}
{{bar percent|Bissa|orange|3.2}}
{{bar percent|Bwamu|green|2.1}}
{{bar percent|Dagara|darkblue|2}}
{{bar percent|San|black|1.9}}
{{bar percent|Lobiri|darkred|1.8}}
{{bar percent|Lyele|gray|1.7}}
{{bar percent|Bobo|tan|1.4}}
{{bar percent|Senoufo|lime|1.4}}
{{bar percent|Nuni|violet|1.2}}
{{bar percent|Dafing|darkblue|1.1}}
{{bar percent|Tamasheq|yellow|1}}
{{bar percent|Kassem|brown|0.7}}
{{bar percent|Gouin|darkbrown|0.4}}
{{bar percent|Dogon|amber|0.3}}
{{bar percent|Songhai|bronze|0.3}}
{{bar percent|Gourounsi|corn|0.3}}
{{bar percent|Ko|maroon|0.1}}
{{bar percent|Koussasse|charcoal|0.1}}
{{bar percent|Sembla|wheat|0.1}}
{{bar percent|Siamou|crimson|0.1}}
{{bar percent|Other National|khaki|5}}
{{bar percent|Other African|Magenta|0.2}}
{{bar percent|French|cyan|1.3}}
{{bar percent|Other non-indigenous|olive|0.1}}
}}
{{Further|Languages of Burkina Faso}}

Burkina Faso is a [[multilingual]] country. The [[working language]]s are [[French language|French]], which was introduced during the colonial period, and [[English language|English]].<ref name=":4" /> In December 2023, due to deteriorating relations between Burkina Faso and the French government, the Burkina Faso government announced it was elevating [[Mooré]], [[Bissa language|Bissa]], [[Dyula language|Dyula]] and [[Fula language|Fula]] to the status of official languages. [[French language|French]] was dropped as an official language, becoming a [[working language]] with [[English language|English]] instead.<ref name=2023endfrench>{{cite web |url=https://apanews.net/french-no-longer-burkina-fasos-official-language/ |title=French no longer Burkina Faso's official language |publisher=APA News |date=6 December 2023 |access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref><ref name=constitution>{{cite web |url=https://constitutionnet.org/news/voices/burkina-faso%E2%80%99s-constitutional-reforms-disputed-legitimacy|title=Burkina Faso's Constitutional Reforms: Disputed Legitimacy Versus Decided Legality|work=ConstitutionNet |date=29 March 2024 |access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref> Altogether, an estimated 69 languages are spoken in the country,<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=BF Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th&nbsp;edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International.] (Page on "Languages of Burkina Faso.")</ref> of which about 60 languages are [[indigenous language|indigenous]]. The Mooré language is the most spoken language in Burkina Faso, spoken by about half the population, mainly in the central region around the capital, Ouagadougou.

According to the 2006 census, the languages spoken natively in Burkina Faso were [[Mossi language|Mooré]] by 40.5% of the population, [[Fula language|Fula]] by 9.3%, [[Gourmanché language|Gourmanché]] by 6.1%, [[Bambara language|Bambara]] by 4.9%, [[Bissa language|Bissa]] by 3.2%, [[Bwamu language|Bwamu]] by 2.1%, [[Dagara language|Dagara]] by 2%, [[San language|San]] by 1.9%, [[Lobiri language|Lobiri]] with 1.8%, [[Lyélé language|Lyélé]] with 1.7%, [[Bobo language|Bobo]] and [[Sénoufo language|Sénoufo]] with 1.4% each, [[Nuni language|Nuni]] by 1.2%, [[Dafing language|Dafing]] by 1.1%, [[Tamasheq language|Tamasheq]] by 1%, [[Kasena language|Kassem]] by 0.7%, [[Gouin language|Gouin]] by 0.4%, [[Dogon language|Dogon]], [[Songhai language|Songhai]], and [[Gourounsi language|Gourounsi]] by 0.3% each, Ko, [[Koussassé language|Koussassé]], [[Sembla language|Sembla]], and [[Siamou language|Siamou]] by 0.1% each, other national languages by 5%, other African languages by 0.2%, French (the official language) by 1.3%, and other non-indigenous languages by 0.1%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insd.bf/n/contenu/enquetes-recensements/rgph_bf/themes_en_demographie/Theme2-Etat_et_structure_de_la_population.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131113161626/http://www.insd.bf/n/contenu/enquetes-recensements/rgph_bf/themes_en_demographie/Theme2-Etat_et_structure_de_la_population.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2013 |title=Recensement General de la Population et de L'Habitation (RGPH) de 2006. Analyse des Resultats Definitifs. Theme 2: Etat et Structure de la Population |first1=Mathieu |last1=Ouedraogo |first2=Toubou |last2=Ripama |publisher=Ministère de L'Économie et des Finances, Burkina Faso}}</ref>

In the west, [[Mande languages|Mandé languages]] are widely spoken, the most predominant being [[Dyula language|Dyula]] (also known as Jula or Dioula), others including [[Bobo language|Bobo]], [[Samo language (Burkina)|Samo]], and [[Marka language|Marka]]. [[Fula language|Fula]] is widespread, particularly in the north. [[Gourmanché language|Gourmanché]] is spoken in the east, while [[Bissa language|Bissa]] is spoken in the south.

===Religion===
{{main|Religion in Burkina Faso}}
[[File:Moschee von Bobo-Dioulasso.jpg|thumb|left|[[Grand Mosque of Bobo-Dioulasso]]]]

The [[government of Burkina Faso]]'s 2019 census reported that 63.8% of the population practiced Islam, and that the majority of this group belong to the [[Sunni]] branch,<ref name=":1" /><ref name=report2010>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148665.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Burkina Faso]. United States [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] (17 November 2010). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> while a small minority adheres to [[Shia Islam]].<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Shiarange.pdf Mapping the Global Muslim Population. Estimate Range of Shia by Country] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215111357/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Shiarange.pdf |date=15 December 2016 }}. Pew Forum, 2010</ref> A significant number of Sunni Muslims identify with the [[Tijaniyah]] [[Sufi]] order.

The 2019 census also found that 26.3% of the population were Christians (20.1% being Roman Catholics and 6.2% members of Protestant denominations) and 9.0% followed [[African traditional religion|traditional indigenous beliefs]] such as the [[Dogon religion]], 0.2% followed other religions, and 0.7% were non-religious.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=report2010/>

[[Animism|Animists]] are the largest religious group in the country's [[Sud-Ouest Region (Burkina Faso)|Sud-Ouest]] region, forming 48.1% of its total population.<ref name=":1" />

===Health===
{{main|Health in Burkina Faso}}
In 2016, the average life expectancy was estimated at 60 for males and 61 for females. In 2018, the under-five mortality rate and the infant mortality rate was 76&nbsp;per&nbsp;1000 live births.<ref name="WHO">{{cite web|title=Statistics in Burkina Faso|url=https://www.who.int/countries/bfa/en/|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> In 2014, the median age of its inhabitants was 17 and the estimated population growth rate was 3.05%.<ref name=cia>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burkina-faso/ Burkina Faso]. ''The World Factbook''</ref>

In 2011, health expenditures was 6.5% of GDP; the maternal mortality ratio was estimated at 300&nbsp;deaths per&nbsp;100000 live births and the physician density at 0.05&nbsp;per&nbsp;1000 population in 2010. In 2012, it was estimated that the adult HIV [[prevalence]] rate (ages&nbsp;15–49) was 1.0%.<ref>[http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/burkinafaso/ UN AIDS: HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate]. Retrieved 25 July 2014.</ref> According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, HIV prevalence is declining among pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf|title=UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2011|publisher=UNAIDS|access-date=29 March 2012|archive-date=1 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf}}</ref> According to a 2005&nbsp;World Health Organization report, an estimated 72.5% of Burkina Faso's girls and women have had [[female genital mutilation]], administered according to traditional rituals.<ref>[https://swap.stanford.edu/20091018142724/http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/index.html Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices], WHI.int</ref>

Central government spending on health was 3% in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu/indicator_detail.cfm?IndicatorID=142&Country=BF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516041014/http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu/indicator_detail.cfm?IndicatorID=142&Country=BF|archive-date=16 May 2011|title=Globalis – an interactive world map – Burkina Faso – Central government expenditures on health|publisher=Globalis.gvu.unu.edu|access-date=1 October 2009}}</ref> {{As of|2009}}, studies estimated there were as few as 10&nbsp;physicians per 100,000&nbsp;people.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1018&Itemid=2045&lang=en|title=WHO Country Offices in the WHO African Region – WHO &#124; Regional Office for Africa|publisher=Afro.who.int|access-date=20 June 2010}}</ref> In addition, there were 41&nbsp;nurses and 13&nbsp;midwives per 100,000&nbsp;people.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> [[Demographic and Health Surveys]] has completed three surveys in Burkina Faso since 1993, and had another in 2009.<ref name="Burkina Surveys">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110816011006/http://www.measuredhs.com/countries/country_main.cfm?ctry_id=50&c=Burkina%20Faso Burkina Faso DHS Surveys], measuredhs.com</ref>

A [[Dengue fever]] outbreak in 2016 killed 20 patients. Cases of the disease were reported from all 12 districts of Ouagadougou.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38078754|title=Dengue fever kills 20 in Burkina Faso|work=BBC News|date=23 November 2016}}</ref>

In the 2024 Global Hunger Index (GHI), Burkina Faso ranks 98th out of 127 countries and has a serious level of hunger with a score of 24.6<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Global Hunger Index (GHI) - peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels |language=en}}</ref>

===Education===
{{main|Education in Burkina Faso}}
[[File:Gando-School-Burkina-Faso.JPG|thumb|The [[Gando, Burkina Faso|Gando]] primary school. Its architect, [[Diébédo Francis Kéré]], received the [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture]] in 2004.]]
Education in Burkina Faso is divided into primary, secondary and higher education.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Burkina-Faso-EDUCATION.html|title=Education – Burkina Faso|publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com|access-date=1 October 2009}}</ref> High school costs approximately CFA&nbsp;25,000 (US$50) per year, which is far above the means of most Burkinabè families. Boys receive preference in schooling; as such, girls' education and literacy rates are far lower than their male counterparts. An increase in girls' schooling has been observed because of the government's policy of making school cheaper for girls and granting them more scholarships.

To proceed from primary to middle school, middle to high school or high school to college, national exams must be passed. Institutions of higher education include the [[University of Ouagadougou]], [[The Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso]], and the [[University of Koudougou]], which is also a teacher training institution. There are some small private colleges in the capital city of [[Ouagadougou]] but these are affordable to only a small portion of the population.

There is also the [[International School of Ouagadougou]] (ISO), an American-based private school located in Ouagadougou.

The 2008&nbsp;UN Development Program Report ranked Burkina Faso as the country with the lowest level of literacy in the world, despite a concerted effort to double its literacy rate from 12.8% in 1990 to 25.3% in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf|title=UNDP Human Development Report 2007/2008|date=January 2008 |access-date=13 January 2016|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429033726/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2011 }}. Palgrave Macmillan. 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-230-54704-9}}</ref>