Editing Bolesław III Wrymouth (section)

==Family==
===First marriage===
[[Zbyslava of Kiev]] (c. 1085/90 – c. 1114<ref>A wide scientific discussion over the death of Zbyslava was presented in the work of K. Kollinger. See K. Kollinger: [http://www.history.org.ua/JournALL/ruthenica/7/3.pdf ''The problem of food in 1109, Zbyslava's death and the Polish-Kievan alliance in 1102–1114, pp. 42–46'' (in Polish)] [retrieved 13 September 2009].</ref>), his first wife, was a member of the [[Rurikid dynasty]]. She was the daughter of Grand Prince [[Sviatopolk II of Kiev]]. The marriage was probably concluded in 1103<ref>O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', p. 121; K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 189.</ref> in order to obtain future military help from Kiev in the fight against Zbigniew. This union also notoriously limited the attacks of the princes of Galicia and [[Principality of Terebovlia|Terebovlia]] against Poland. Until Zbyslava's death, relations between Poland and the [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia|Principality of Galicia–Volhynia]] remained friendly.<ref>K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 312.</ref> The children born from this marriage were:
# [[Władysław II the Exile]] (1105 – 30 May 1159), the only son of Bolesław and Zbyslava, was Prince of [[Kraków]], [[Dukes of Silesia|Silesia]], [[Sandomierz]], eastern [[Greater Poland]], [[Kuyavia]], [[Western Pomerania]] and [[Gdańsk Pomerania]] (1138–46).<ref>P. Jasienica: ''Polska Piastów'', p. 127; A. Marzec: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', [in:] S. Szczur, K. Ożóg (ed.), ''Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny'', p. 84; S. Szczur: ''Historia Polski – średniowiecze'', p. 132.</ref> Gallus Anonymous wrote that the heir of the Polish throne was born in the winter of 1107–08, but omitted the gender and name of the child. The ''Rocznik świętokrzyski'' and ''Rocznik kapitulny'' recorded Władysław's birth in 1105.<ref>K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 314.</ref><ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów śląskich'', cap. I, pp. 57–58.</ref> 
# A daughter [Judith?]<ref>According to ''Latopis hipacki'' (the only reliable early source who mentioned her), doesn't give her name. In older literature, however, was assumed that her name was Judith, for example J. Żylińska: '' Piastówny i żony Piastów''. pp. 99, 113. M. Spórna and P. Wierzbicki, however, confirmed the existence of this daughter but her name is unknown; see M. Spórna and P. Wierzbicki: ''Słownik władców Polski i pretendentów do tronu polskiego'', pp. 501–502.</ref> (c. 1112 – after 1124), married in 1124 to Vsevolod Davidovich, Prince of [[Murom]]. Her filiation is doubtful, because Russian chronicles only noted that Vsevolod's wife came from Poland;<ref>''Полное собранiе русскихъ лѣтописей'', vol. 2: ''Ипатiевская лѣтопись'', p. 10.</ref><ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 207.</ref> she could be either Bolesław and Zbyslava's daughter or a member of the [[Abdank coat of arms|Awdaniec family]] as daughter of [[Skarbimir]].<ref>This hypothesis was formulated by J. Bieniak and supported by K. Jasiński. K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 207.</ref>

Older historiography referred to an unnamed second son born from the marriage of Bolesław and Zbyslava. Gallus Anonymous wrote that this son was born around 1107–08.<ref>Gallus Anonymus: ''Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum'', vol. II, cap. 40, p. 108.</ref> According to Oswald Balzer, he died shortly after birth.<ref>O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', pp. 135–136.</ref> However, Karol Maleczyński believed that he never existed, noting that the sources who provided the year of 1105 as Władysław II's date of birth (''Rocznik świętokrzyski'' and ''Rocznik kapitulny'') were probably mistaken.<ref name="Maleczyński, pp. 315–316">K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', pp. 315–316.</ref>

===Second marriage===
[[Salomea of Berg]] (c. 1093/1101 – 27 July 1144), his second wife, was [[Germans|German]], the daughter of Count Henry of Berg-Schelklingen. The marriage took place in January or February 1115.<ref>O. Balzer indicates that marriage of Bolesław and Salomea was concluded in 1113. O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', pp. 122–123. K. Maleczyński, however, believes that this marriage took place in late March–July 1115. K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 313. K. Jasiński was in favor of J. Bieniak, who indicates that the marriage occurred in the first two months of 1115. K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 190–191.</ref> This union was connected with the signing of a peace treaty between Poland and Bohemia. Salomea came from a powerful family, who, having supported the opposition after the death of Emperor Henry V in 1125, lost its political influence at the court of Lothair III.<ref>K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', pp. 313–314.</ref>

# Leszek (1115/16 – 26 August before 1131), the eldest son of Bolesław and Salomea. He probably died in infancy.<ref name="Maleczyński, pp. 315–316"/><ref name="Jasiński, p. 209">K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 209.</ref>
# [[Richeza of Poland, Queen of Sweden|Ryksa]] (1116 – after 25 December 1156), eldest daughter of Bolesław and Salomea, in 1127 she married Danish prince [[Magnus the Strong|Magnus Nilsson]], future King of [[Västergötland]], in order to obtain Danish support in the war against Germany, but in 1134 Denmark sided with Germany regardless. After Magnus' death in 1134, Ryksa returned to Poland. Later she married [[Volodar Glebovich]], Prince of [[Minsk]] and [[Hrodno]]; this marriage was concluded in order to cement an alliance against Hungary. Her third marriage was with King [[Sverker I of Sweden]].<ref name="Maleczyński, p. 316">K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 316.</ref><ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 211, 214.</ref>
# A daughter (before 1117/22 – after 1131),<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 217–218; O. Balzer, ''Genealogia Piastów'', 2nd edition, Kraków 2005, p. 270, placed her birth around 1118.</ref> betrothed or married<ref>It is possible that there was no actual marriage -The Annalista Saxo uses the phrase "was married to" (in Latin ''desponsata fuit'' in the sentence: ''Huic desponsata fuit filia ducis Polanorum''); GH Pertz: ''Annalista Saxon in [http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs2/object/goToPage/bsb00001094.html?pageNo=768&sortIndex=010%3A050%3A0006%3A010%3A00%3A00 Chronica et annales Aevi Salici (Monumenta Historica Germaniae)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925072723/http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs2/object/goToPage/bsb00001094.html?pageNo=768&sortIndex=010%3A050%3A0006%3A010%3A00%3A00 |date=25 September 2017 }}'' (in Latin), vol. VI. p. 768. [retrieved 19 May 2014].</ref> in 1131 to Conrad, Count of [[Plötzkau]] and Margrave of [[Nordmark]].<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 217–218.</ref>
# Casimir, known in historiography as ''the Older'' (9 August 1122 – 19 October 1131), according to sources (like ''Rocznik kapituły krakowskiej''), he died aged 9.<ref name="Maleczyński, p. 316"/><ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 222.</ref> Jan Długosz in his chronicle wrote that he was born from the marriage of Bolesław and Adelaide,<ref>Jan Długosz: [http://www.pbi.edu.pl/book_reader.php?p=43577&s=1 ''Jana Długosza kanonika krakowskiego Dziejów polskich ksiąg dwanaście'', vol. I, p. 499 (in Polish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416082343/http://www.pbi.edu.pl/book_reader.php?p=43577&s=1 |date=16 April 2012 }} [retrieved 21 July 2014].</ref> the Prince's supposed second wife.
# Gertruda (1123/24 – 7 May 1160), a nun at [[Zwiefalten]] (1139).<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 246.</ref>
# [[Bolesław IV the Curly]] (c. 1125 – 5 January 1173), Prince of Masovia and Kuyavia (1138–46), of Kraków, Gniezno and Kalisz (1146–73), of Sandomierz (1166–73),<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 224–228.</ref> married aged 12 with Viacheslava, daughter of [[Vsevolod of Pskov|Vsevolod, Prince of Pskov]].<ref>''Полное собранiе русскихъ лѣтописей'', vol. 2: ''Ипатiевская лѣтопись'', p. 14.</ref><ref name="Maleczyński, p. 317">K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 317.</ref> Jan Długosz reported his birth in 1127 as the second son born from Bolesław and Adelaide.<ref>Jan Długosz: [http://www.pbi.edu.pl/book_reader.php?p=43577&s=1 ''Jana Długosza kanonika krakowskiego Dziejów polskich ksiąg dwanaście'', vol. I, pp. 509–510 (in Polish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416082343/http://www.pbi.edu.pl/book_reader.php?p=43577&s=1 |date=16 April 2012 }} [retrieved 21 July 2014].</ref>
# [[Mieszko III the Old]] (1126/27 – Kalisz, 13 March 1202), Duke of [[Greater Poland]] (1138–1202), of Kraków (1173–77, 1190, 1199–1202), of Kalisz (1173–1202), of Upper Gdańsk Pomerania (1173–1202) and Kuyavia (1195–98),<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 234–235.</ref> around 1136 married to Elizabeth, daughter of King [[Béla II of Hungary]]. The marriage was concluded as one of the provisions of the Congress of Merseburg.<ref name="Maleczyński, p. 317"/>
# [[Dobroniega Ludgarda]] (1129 – by 1160), after her father's death she was married by her mother Salomea<ref>K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 334.</ref> around 1146–48 to [[Theodoric I, Margrave of Lusatia]],<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 251–253.</ref> who later repudiated her.<ref name="Maleczyński, p. 317"/>
# [[Judith of Poland|Judith]] (1130 – 8 July 1175), betrothed in 1136 to Prince [[Géza II of Hungary|Géza]], son of King Béla II of Hungary; however, the marriage never took place and in 1148 she married [[Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg]].<ref name="Maleczyński, p. 318">K. Maleczyński: Bolesław III Krzywousty, p. 318.</ref><ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 255–258.</ref>
# [[Henry of Sandomierz|Henry]] (1131 – 18 October 1166), Duke of Sandomierz (1146–66),<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 248–249.</ref> according to Jan Długosz he was born in 1132. Further mention of him was made in his chronicle by 1139, describing the division of the country in districts.<ref>Jan Długosz: [http://www.pbi.edu.pl/book_reader.php?p=43577&s=1 ''Jana Długosza kanonika krakowskiego Dziejów polskich ksiąg dwanaście'', vol. I, p. 509, 535–536 (in Polish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416082343/http://www.pbi.edu.pl/book_reader.php?p=43577&s=1 |date=16 April 2012 }} [retrieved 21 July 2014].</ref> Karol Maleczyński placed his birth between 1127 and 1131. During his father's lifetime Henry didn't play an important political role. He died in 1166 in battle against the Prussians, unmarried and childless.<ref name="Maleczyński, p. 317"/>
# [[Agnes of Poland|Agnes]] (1137 – after 1182), around 1140–41 she was a proposed bride to one of the sons of Grand Prince [[Vsevolod II of Kiev]]. This union was to ensure the support of Kiev in the dispute between Salomea's sons and Władysław II, their half-brother.<ref>K. Maleczyński says she was engaged to Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 318.</ref> At the end, the marriage never took place and she married around 1149–51 to [[Mstislav II of Kiev|Mstislav II]], Prince of [[Pereiaslav|Pereyaslavl]] and Grand Prince of [[Kiev]] since 1168.<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', pp. 261–263.</ref><ref>D. Dąbrowski: ''Genealogia Mścisławowiczów'', pp. 225–228.</ref>
# [[Casimir II the Just]] (1138 – 5 May 1194), Duke of Wiślica (1166–73), of Sandomierz (1173–94) of Kraków (1177–94), of Masovia and Kuyavia (1186–94),<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 265.</ref> for a long time considered a posthumous child, and for this reason not included in his father's testament.<ref name="Maleczyński, p. 318"/>

Older historiography attributed another two daughters from the marriage of Bolesław and Salomea: Adelaide and Sophia.<ref>O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', p. 123, 138–143, 152–153.</ref> Adelaide (c. 1114 - 25 March before 1132), was the first wife of Adalbert II the Pious, eldest son of [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria]]. Modern historians deny that she was a daughter of Bolesław.<ref name="Jasiński, p. 209"/><ref>Among historians who refuted her Piast origin are [[Stanisław Kętrzyński]], Karol Maleczyński and Gerard Labuda. See: K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 208.</ref><ref>K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 315.</ref> Sophia (d. 10 October 1136), was probably the mother of Mateusz, [[Archbishop of Kraków|Bishop of Kraków]].<ref>This view was formulated by J. Bieniak. He also pointed that Sophia and Bishop Mateusz would belonged to the Leszczyców family. See also K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód pierwszych Piastów'', p. 223.</ref><ref>K. Maleczyński points out that there is no way to resolve the issue of Sophia's parentage. The ''Rocznik świętokrzyski dawny'' reported Sophia's death on 10 October 1136, while the Obituary of Zwiefalten from the manuscript of Cividale recorded her death on 11 October 1136, naming her a Polish princess. Thus, Sophia could be Bolesław's daughter, or a close relative. K. Maleczyński: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', p. 316.</ref>

In older historiography Adelaide, a supposed daughter of [[Emperor Henry IV]], was erroneously considered to be another wife of Bolesław. The information about this stated that after the death of Zbyslava, Bolesław married her in [[Bamberg]] in 1110. This report is provided by [[Jan Długosz]] and Archdeacon Sulger. This view was challenged by [[Oswald Balzer]].<ref>O. Balzer: ''Bolesław III Krzywousty'', pp. 122–123.</ref>