Editing Beef (section)

==== India ====
{{Main|Cattle slaughter in India}}
Most of the [[states of India|North Indian states]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-no-beef-nation/ |title=The states where cow slaughter is legal in India|date=8 October 2015|work=Indian Express}}</ref> prohibit the killing of cow and consumption of beef for religious reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/280517/milking-beef-issue-could-tear-social-fabric.html|title=Milking beef issue could tear social fabric|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/05/muslim-man-dies-in-india-after-attack-by-hindu-cow-protectors|title=Muslim man dies in India after attack by Hindu 'cow protectors'|first=Michael|last=Safi|date=5 April 2017|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37336050|title=Women raped in fatal attack over beef|date=12 September 2016|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/protests-against-the-governments-anti-beef-laws-spread-in-india/2017/06/05/8aa05dfc-489e-11e7-bcde-624ad94170ab_story.html|title=To protest Modi, these Indians are cooking beef in public|first=Vidhi|last=Doshi|date=6 June 2017|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/business/farming/beef/holy-cow-worlds-2ndlargest-beef-exporter-may-ban-cattle-slaughter-35782142.html|title=Holy cow: World's 2nd-largest beef exporter may ban cattle slaughter|date=2 June 2017|work=independent.ie}}</ref> Certain Hindu castes and sects continue to avoid beef from their [[Diet (nutrition)|diets]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-holiness-of-the-cow-and-controversy-over-beef-eating-in-ancient-india/|title=Explained: Holiness of the Cow and Controversy Over Beef-Eating In Ancient India|date=8 June 2015|work=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/08/14/stories/13140833.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017114253/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/08/14/stories/13140833.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2015|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 August 2001|title=Beef eating: strangulating history}}</ref> Article 48 of the [[Constitution of India]] mandates the state may take steps for preserving and improving the bovine breeds, and prohibit the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. [[Article 47 of the Constitution of India]] provides states must raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health as among its primary duties, based on this a reasonableness in slaughter of common cattle was instituted, if the animals ceased to be capable of breeding, providing milk, or serving as draught animals. The overall mismanagement of India's common cattle is dubbed in academic fields as  "India's bovine burden."<ref>{{cite book|author=John R. K. Robson|title=Food, Ecology, and Culture: Readings in the Anthropology of Dietary Practices|year=1980|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-677-16090-0|page=126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/63522f50-caf3-11e7-ab18-7a9fb7d6163e |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/63522f50-caf3-11e7-ab18-7a9fb7d6163e |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Modi's India: the high cost of protecting holy cows|last=Kazmin|first=Amy|date=21 November 2017|website=Financial Times|language=en-GB|access-date=5 August 2018}}</ref> 

In 2017, a rule against the slaughter of cattle and the eating of beef was signed into law by presidential assent as a modified version of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. The original act, however, did permit the humane slaughter of animals for use as food.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Prashad|first1=Vijay|title= A political stampede over India's sacred cow|url= http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jun/12/india-hindu-radicals-attack-cattle-commerce/|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/beef-ban-and-bloodshed/1/493111.html|title=Beef, ban and bloodshed|date=7 October 2015|website=India Today}}</ref> Existing meat export policy in India prohibits the export of beef (meat of cow, oxen and calf). Bone-in meat, a carcass, or half carcass of buffalo is also prohibited from export. Only the boneless meat of buffalo, meat of goat and sheep and birds is permitted for export.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-buffalo-meat-exports-at-over-rs-21k-cr-in-10-mths-in-fy-17-2370398|title=Buffalo meat exports at over Rs 21K cr in 10 mths in FY'17|date=27 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nirmala-slams-akhilesh-says-beef-exports-already-banned/story-HJmt5FHec9BS2XLti7lQXO.html|title=Nirmala slams Akhilesh, says beef exports already banned|date=2 October 2015}}</ref> In 2017, India sought a total "beef ban" and Australian market analysts predicted that this would create market opportunities for leather traders and meat producers there and elsewhere. Their prediction estimated a twenty percent shortage of beef and a thirteen percent shortage of leather in the world market.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2017-05-30/indian-government-bans-sale-of-cattle-for-slaughter/8572964|title=World's second-largest beef exporter bans sale of slaughter cattle|first=Warwick|last=Long|newspaper=ABC News|date=30 May 2017}}</ref>