Editing Yoga (section)

===={{anchor|Introduction in the west}}Introduction in the West====

[[File:Swami_Vivekananda_1896.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|alt=Formal photograph of Swami Vivekananda, eyes downcast|Swami Vivekananda in London in 1896]]

Yoga and other aspects of Indian philosophy came to the attention of the educated Western public during the mid-19th century, and [[N. C. Paul]] published his ''Treatise on Yoga Philosophy'' in 1851.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFyCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT10|title=The Little Red Book of Yoga Wisdom|last=Besaw|first=Kelsie|date=2014-01-07|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781628738704|language=en|page=10}}</ref> [[Swami Vivekananda]], the first Hindu teacher to advocate and disseminate elements of yoga to a Western audience, toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s.<ref name="ReferenceA">Shaw, Eric. "35 Moments", ''[[Yoga Journal]]'', 2010.</ref> His reception built on the interest of intellectuals who included the [[Transcendental Club|New England Transcendentalists]]; among them were [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] (1803–1882), who drew on [[German Romanticism]] and philosophers and scholars such as [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] (1770–1831), the brothers [[August Wilhelm Schlegel]] (1767–1845) and [[Friedrich Schlegel]] (1772–1829), [[Max Müller|Max Mueller]] (1823–1900), and [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] (1788–1860).{{sfn|Goldberg|2010|pp=21ff}}<ref>Von Glasenapp, Hellmuth. ''Die Philosophie der Inder''. Stuttgart, 1974: A. Kroener Verlag, pp. 166f.</ref>

[[Theosophists]], including [[Helena Blavatsky]], also influenced the Western public's view of yoga.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.utne.com/2007-03-01/Mind-Body/Fear-of-Yoga.aspx?page=2#axzz2bnQLbp2o |title=Fear of Yoga |publisher=Utne.com |access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> Esoteric views at the end of the 19th century encouraged the reception of Vedanta and yoga, with their correspondence between the spiritual and the physical.{{sfn|De Michelis|2004|pp=19ff}} The reception of yoga and Vedanta entwined with the (primarily [[Neoplatonism|neoplatonic]]) currents of religious and philosophical reform and [[Spiritual transformation|transformation]] during the 19th and early 20th centuries. [[Mircea Eliade]] brought a new element to yoga, emphasizing tantric yoga in his ''Yoga: Immortality and Freedom''.{{sfn|Eliade|1958}} With the introduction of tantra traditions and philosophy, the conception of the "transcendent" attained by yogic practice shifted from the mind to the body.<ref>Flood, Gavin D., Body and Cosmology in Kashmir Saivism, San Francisco, 1993: Mellen Research University Press, pp.229ff.</ref>