Editing Ukrainian language (section)

===Alphabet===
{{Main|Ukrainian alphabet}}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-family:serif; text-align: center; font-size: 120%"
|+ The Ukrainian alphabet
|-
| style="width:2.5em;" | А а 
| style="width:2.5em;" | Б б 
| style="width:2.5em;" | В в 
| style="width:2.5em;" | Г г 
| style="width:2.5em;" | Ґ ґ 
| style="width:2.5em;" | Д д 
| style="width:2.5em;" | Е е 
| style="width:2.5em;" | Є є 
| style="width:2.5em;" | Ж ж 
| style="width:2.5em;" | З з 
| style="width:2.5em;" | И и
|-
| І і || Ї ї || Й й || К к || Л л || М м || Н н || О о || П п || Р р || С с
|-
| Т т || У у || Ф ф || Х х || Ц ц || Ч ч || Ш ш || Щ щ || Ь ь || Ю ю || Я я
|}

Ukrainian is written in a version of [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], consisting of 33 letters, representing 38 [[phoneme]]s; an apostrophe is also used.  Ukrainian orthography is based on the phonemic principle, with one letter generally corresponding to one phoneme, although there are a number of exceptions. The orthography also has cases where the semantic, historical, and morphological principles are applied.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

The modern Ukrainian alphabet is the result of a number of proposed alphabetic reforms from the 19th and early 20th centuries, in Ukraine under the Russian Empire, in Austrian Galicia, and later in Soviet Ukraine. A unified Ukrainian alphabet (the ''[[Ukrainian orthography of 1928|Skrypnykivka]]'', after [[Mykola Skrypnyk]]) was officially established at a 1927 international Orthographic Conference in [[Kharkiv]], during the period of [[Ukrainization]] in Soviet Ukraine.  But the policy was reversed in the 1930s, and the Soviet Ukrainian orthography diverged from that used by the [[Ukrainian diaspora|diaspora]]. The Ukrainian letter [[Ghe with upturn|ge]] ''ґ'' was banned in the Soviet Union from 1933 until the period of Glasnost in 1990.<ref>Magocsi 1996, pp 567, 570–71.</ref>

The letter щ represents two consonants {{IPA|[ʃt͡ʃ]}}. The combination of {{IPA|[j]}} with some of the vowels is also represented by a single letter ({{IPA|[ja]}} = я, {{IPA|[je]}} = є, {{IPA|[ji]}} or {{IPA|[jı̽]}} = ї, {{IPA|[ju]}} = ю), while {{IPA|[jɔ]}} = йо and the rare regional {{IPA|[jɨ]}} = йи are written using two letters. These [[iotated]] vowel letters and a special [[soft sign]] change a preceding consonant from hard to soft. An [[apostrophe]] is used to indicate the hardness of the sound in the cases when normally the vowel would change the consonant to soft; in other words, it functions like the [[yer]] in the Russian alphabet.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

A consonant letter is doubled to indicate that the sound is doubled, or long.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

The phonemes {{IPA|[d͡z]}} and {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}} do not have dedicated letters in the alphabet and are rendered with the [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] дз and дж, respectively. {{IPA|[d͡z]}} is equivalent to English ''ds'' in ''pods'', {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}} is equivalent to ''j'' in ''jump''.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

As in Russian, the [[acute accent]] may be used to denote vowel stress.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

====Transliteration====
{{main|Romanization of Ukrainian}}

{{see also|Drahomanivka|Ukrainian Latin alphabet}}