Editing Transport in India (section)

=== Ports and shipping ===
{{Main|Shipping Corporation of India|Ports in India}}
[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru Trust Port.jpg|thumb|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust]] in [[Navi Mumbai]] ranks 25th in the world as per container traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/WORLDPORTRANKINGS2007.xls |title=World Port Rankings 2007 |date=22 April 2009 |publisher=[[American Association of Port Authorities]] (AAPA) |format=XLS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407173222/http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/WORLDPORTRANKINGS2007.xls |archive-date=7 April 2010 |access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref>]]In India, about 96% of the foreign trade by quantity and 70% by value takes place through the ports.<ref name="ibefports">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibef.org/download/Infra_Brochure_Spread.pdf |title=Discover Opportunity: Infrastructure in India |publisher=India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), An initiative of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India |page=6 |access-date=1 June 2009 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001080939/https://www.ibef.org/download/Infra_Brochure_Spread.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mumbai Port]] & [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port|JNPT]]([[Navi Mumbai]]) handles 70% of maritime trade in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/aug/11/slide-show-1-worst-oil-spills-in-the-world.htm |title=10 worst oil spills that cost trillions in losses : Rediff.com Business |publisher=Business.rediff.com |access-date=16 August 2010 |archive-date=14 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814232747/http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/aug/11/slide-show-1-worst-oil-spills-in-the-world.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> There are twelve major ports:[[JNPT|Navi Mumbai]], [[Mumbai Port|Mumbai]], [[Chennai Port|Chennai]], [[Kamarajar Port Limited|Ennore]], [[V. O. Chidambaranar Port Trust|Thoothukudi]], [[Cochin Port|Kochi]], [[Kolkata]] (including [[Haldia]]), [[Paradip Port|Paradip]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Panambur#New Mangalore Port Trust|New Mangaluru]], [[Mormugao]] and [[Kandla]].<ref name="9manorama606">{{Cite book |title=Manorama Yearbook 2009 |publisher=Malayala Manorama |isbn=978-81-89004-12-5 |editor-last=Mathew |editor-first=K. M. |page=606 |chapter=India: Transportation}}</ref> Other than these, there are 187 minor and intermediate ports, 43 of which handle cargo.<ref name=9manorama606 />

Maritime transportation in India is managed by the [[Shipping Corporation of India]], a government-owned company that also manages offshore and other marine transport infrastructure in the country. It owns and operates about 35% of Indian tonnage and operates in practically all areas of shipping business servicing both national and international trades. The only Indian state with three ports is Tamil Nadu, they are Ennore, Chennai and Tuticorin.<ref name="SCIabout">{{Cite web |url=http://www.shipindia.com/newsite/DisplayContent.asp?CategoryID=1&ContentID=1 |title=About Us |website=Official webpage of the Shipping Corporation of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106162636/http://www.shipindia.com/newsite/DisplayContent.asp?CategoryID=1&ContentID=1 |archive-date=6 November 2007 |access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref>

It has a fleet of 79 ships of 2,750,000 GT (4.8&nbsp;million DWT) and also manages 53 research, survey and support vessels of 120,000 GT (060,000 DWT) on behalf of various government departments and other organisations.<ref name="SCI">{{Cite web |url=http://india.gov.in/sectors/transport/shipping_corp.php?pg=1 |title=Shipping Corporation of India |website=National Portal of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009121026/http://india.gov.in/sectors/transport/shipping_corp.php?pg=1 |archive-date=9 October 2012 |access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref> Personnel are trained at the Maritime Training Institute in Mumbai, a branch of the [[World Maritime University]], which was set up in 1987.<ref name="MTI">{{Cite web |url=http://www.shipindia.com/newsite/default.asp?CategoryID=7 |title=The Maritime Training Institute (MTI) |website=Official webpage of the Shipping Corporation of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607135935/http://www.shipindia.com/newsite/default.asp?CategoryID=7 |archive-date=7 June 2008 |access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref> The corporation also operates in Malta and Iran through joint ventures.<ref name="SCI" />

The distinction between major and minor ports is not based on the amount of cargo handled. The major ports are managed by port trusts which are regulated by the central government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/07/29/stories/2002072900170900.htm |title=The Hindu Business Line : Minor ports, major trouble |access-date=15 September 2015 |archive-date=31 January 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030131120416/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/07/29/stories/2002072900170900.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> They come under the purview of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963.<ref name=":0">Chandnani, Lajpat Ray. General Insurance, Reinsurance and Risk Management Glossary. Notion Press (2017).</ref>{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} The minor ports are regulated by the respective state governments and many of these ports are private ports or captive ports.<ref name=":0" />{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} The total amount of traffic handled at the major ports in 2005–2006 was 382.33 [[megatonne|Mt]].<ref name=9manorama606 />