Editing San Juan, Puerto Rico (section)

== Government ==
{{Main|List of mayors of San Juan, Puerto Rico}}

=== Structure ===
[[File:Coat of arms of San Juan, Puerto Rico.svg|thumb|Present coat of arms of San Juan]]

As one of Puerto Rico's 78 [[Municipalities of Puerto Rico|municipalities]], San Juan's government consists of two branches, the executive and the legislative. Those citizens eligible to vote directly elect the [[Mayor of San Juan]] and the municipal assembly for four-year terms. The municipal government is housed in [[San Juan City Hall|City Hall]] or ''Casa Alcaldia'', which is located at 153 San Francisco Street, facing the [[Plaza de Armas, San Juan|Plaza de Armas]] at the center of [[Old San Juan]].<ref name="Alcaldía">{{cite web|url=http://www.sanjuancapital.com/historia.asp?tab=2&cat=GCJPHATHEW |title=Historia de San Juan: Casa Alcaldía |language=es |publisher=Municipio de San Juan |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225174506/http://www.sanjuancapital.com/historia.asp?tab=2&cat=GCJPHATHEW |archive-date=February 25, 2009 }}</ref> City Hall was constructed based on [[Madrid, Spain|Madrid]]'s City Hall starting in 1604 and finally completed in 1789.<ref name="Alcaldía" />

The executive branch is headed by a popularly elected mayor. The office is held by [[Miguel Romero|Miguel Romero Lugo]] who won in the [[Puerto Rican general election, 2020|2020 general election]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elecciones2020.ceepur.org/Escrutinio_General_93/index.html#en/default/ALCALDES_San_Juan.xml |title=San Juan Results|website=ceepur.org |date=December 31, 2020}}</ref> and was reelected in the [[Puerto Rican general election, 2024|2024 general election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elecciones2024.ceepur.org/Escrutinio_General_121/index.html#es/default/ALCALDES_San_Juan.xml |title=San Juan Results 2024|website=ceepur.org |date=December 23, 2024}}</ref> [[Miguel Romero|Miguel Romero Lugo]] took over from [[Carmen Yulín Cruz]], who was elected at the [[Puerto Rican general election, 2012|2012 general election]]. Before her, [[Jorge A. Santini]] held the position for 12 years. In addition to running the city's day-to-day operations and supervising associated departments, the mayor is responsible for appointing a secretary-auditor and a treasurer. San Juan's Municipal Legislature is made up of 17 municipal legislators, elected at-large, which represent the city's population.<ref name="Asamblea">{{cite web| url=http://www.lmsj.org/historia.htm| title=Historia breve de la Asamblea Municipal| publisher=Municipio de San Juan| language=es| access-date=2010-01-28| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717203934/http://www.lmsj.org/historia.htm| archive-date=July 17, 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Coat of arms and flag ====
{{Main|Diego de Torres Vargas}}[[File:Historic Coat of Arms of San Juan (Puerto Rico)-Spanish Rule.svg|thumb|160px|Historic coat of arms of San Juan (Spanish rule).|left]]The {{lang|es|municipio}} has an official flag and coat of arms.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios.|url=https://www.lexjuris.com/LEXLEX/Leyes2006/lexl2006070.htm|access-date=2021-06-15|website=LexJuris de Puerto Rico|language=es}}</ref>

On March 8, 1948, the city government of San Juan officially adopted as the city's first flag an orange field, in the center of which is the coat of arms of the city. The orange color was based and taken from Father [[Diego de Torres Vargas]]' text and it reads:

"''Escudo de armas dado a Puerto Rico por los Reyes Católicos en el año de 1511, siendo Procurador un vecino llamado Pedro Moreno. Son : un cordero blanco con su banderilla colorada, sobre un libro, y todo sobre una isla verde, que es la de Puerto Rico, y por los lados una F y una I, que quiere decir Fernando e Isabel, los Reyes Católicos que se las dieron, y hoy se conservan en el estandarte real, que es de damasco anaranjado, con que se ganó la ciudad''".<ref name="LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico 2020">{{cite web|date=19 February 2020|title=San Juan|url=http://www.lexjuris.com/pueblos/pueblos_files/SANJUAN.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219000511/http://www.lexjuris.com/pueblos/pueblos_files/SANJUAN.html|archive-date=19 February 2020|access-date=17 September 2020|website=LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico|language=es}}</ref>

("Coat of arms given to Puerto Rico by the [[Catholic Monarchs]] in the year 1511 being Procurator a ''vecino'' (citizen) named Pedro Moreno. They are a white lamb with a red flag, on top of a book, and everything above a green island, which is Puerto Rico...which is of orange damask, with which the city was won"). It appears that the color was changed from orange to white at some point.<ref>{{cite web|title=San Juan (Puerto Rico)|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/pr-sj.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003180208/https://www.fotw.info/flags/pr-sj.html|archive-date=October 3, 2020|access-date=May 23, 2015}}</ref><ref name="LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico 2020" />

=== Territorial and federal government ===
[[File:Capitolio de Puerto Rico (28755163211).jpg|thumb|The [[Capitol of Puerto Rico]], built between 1921 and 1929.]]
San Juan is the territorial capital of the [[Puerto Rico|Commonwealth of Puerto Rico]], and it is home to the [[Executive branch of the government of Puerto Rico|executive]], [[Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico|legislative]] and [[Judiciary of Puerto Rico|judicial]] branches of the [[Government of Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican government]]. San Juan is also the seat of the [[Puerto Rico Senatorial district I]], which is represented by two Senators.<ref>[http://electionspuertorico.org/referencia/distritos/2011/#Senatoriales Distribución de Distritos Senatoriales de Puerto Rico] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116121857/http://electionspuertorico.org/referencia/distritos/2011/#Senatoriales|date=November 16, 2011}} on ElectionsPuertoRico</ref> The [[United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico]] is located in [[Hato Rey]]. There are two additional federal offices in the San Juan metropolitan area: the [[Jose V. Toledo Federal Building and United States Courthouse|Jose V. Toledo U.S. Post Office and Courthouse]] in Old San Juan and the GSA Federal Center in Guaynabo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puerto Rico Federal Buildings |url=https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/welcome-to-the-northeast-caribbean-region-2/buildings-and-facilities/puerto-rico-federal-buildings |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=www.gsa.gov |language=en-us |archive-date=December 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224013943/https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/welcome-to-the-northeast-caribbean-region-2/buildings-and-facilities/puerto-rico-federal-buildings |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI), along with other federal organisms, has also had regional offices at the [[Federico Degetau Federal Building]] also in Hato Rey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FEDERICO DEGETAU FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDING Site Profile |url=https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/CurSites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0202743 |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=cumulis.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref>

=== Safety ===
Law enforcement in San Juan is the joint responsibility of the Department of Police and Public Safety, also known as the [[San Juan Police Department]] and the [[Puerto Rico Police Department]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sanjuancapital.com/temp.asp?tab=3&dept=SJ00000017 |title=Departamento de Policía y Seguridad Pública |publisher=Municipio de San Juan |language=es |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115050814/http://www.sanjuancapital.com/temp.asp?tab=3&dept=SJ00000017 |archive-date=November 15, 2007 }}</ref> The Municipal Police, originally known as the "San Juan Municipal Guard", was created in 1521 and had active military and law enforcement functions until 1980, when Act #77 created municipal law enforcement agencies in Puerto Rico. It employs over 1,000 sworn officers plus civilian staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.primerahora.com/noticia/informe_especial/noticias/de_negro__bajo_el_sol/205570 |title=De negro bajo el sol |author=Leysa Caro González |work=[[Primera Hora (Guaynabo)|Primera Hora]] |language=es |date=June 30, 2008 |access-date=2010-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628184134/http://www.primerahora.com/noticia/informe_especial/noticias/de_negro__bajo_el_sol/205570 |archive-date=June 28, 2009 }}</ref>

==== Crime ====
In 2010 there were 201 homicides in San Juan, a rate of around 50 per 100,000 residents. In 2019 they were 172 homicides a rate of 53 per 100,000 residents.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-08|title=San Juan se coloca como la segunda capital con más asesinatos en Latinoamérica|url=https://www.primerahora.com/noticias/policia-tribunales/notas/san-juan-se-coloca-como-la-segunda-capital-con-mas-asesinatos-en-latinoamerica/|access-date=2021-08-26|website=Primera Hora|language=spanish}}</ref> In the 2019 bulletin ranking of the 50 most violent cities in the world San Juan ranked as the 16th most violent in the world with a rate of 54.01 murders per 100,000 inhabitants,<ref name="seguridadjusticiaypaz">{{cite web |title=Bulletin Ranking 2019 of the 50 most violent cities in the world |url=http://www.seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx/sala-de-prensa/1590-boletin-ranking-2019-de-las-50-ciudades-mas-violentas-del-mundo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804121557/http://www.seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx/sala-de-prensa/1590-boletin-ranking-2019-de-las-50-ciudades-mas-violentas-del-mundo |archive-date=4 August 2020 |access-date=1 June 2020 |publisher=seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx}}</ref> and the 3rd most violent in the United States and its territories after [[St. Louis]] and [[Baltimore]].<ref>{{cite web |title=50 of the most dangerous cities in the world |url=https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/travel/news/2019/07/24/most-dangerous-cities-world-tijuana-caracas-cape-town/1813211001/ |website=USA Today }}</ref>