Editing Romani language (section)

==== Morphology ====
The Romani verb has three persons and two numbers, singular and plural. There is no verbal distinction between masculine and feminine.

Romani tenses are, not exclusively, present tense, future tense, two past tenses (perfect and imperfect), present or past conditional and present imperative.

Depending on the dialect, the suffix ''{{lang|rom|-a}}'' marks the present, future, or conditional.{{sfn|Matras|2006|loc=Morphology}} There are many perfective suffixes, which are determined by root phonology, valency, and semantics: e.g. ''{{lang|rom|ker-d-}}'' 'did'.{{sfn|Matras|2006|loc=Morphology}}

There are two sets of personal conjugation suffixes, one for non-perfective verbs, and another for perfective verbs.{{sfn|Matras|2006|loc=Morphology}} The non-perfective personal suffixes, continued from [[Middle Indo-Aryan]], are as follows:{{sfn|Matras|2006|loc=Morphology}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Non-perfective personal suffixes
!
! 1
! 2
! 3
|-
! sg.
| ''{{lang|rom|-av}}''
| ''{{lang|rom|-es}}''
| ''{{lang|rom|-el}}''
|-
! pl.
| ''{{lang|rom|-as}}''
| colspan="2" | ''{{lang|rom|-en}}''
|}

These are slightly different for consonant- and vowel-final roots (e.g. ''{{lang|rom|xa-s}}'' 'you eat', ''{{lang|rom|kam-es}}'' 'you want').{{sfn|Matras|2006|loc=Morphology}}

The perfective suffixes, deriving from late Middle Indo-Aryan [[enclitic]] pronouns, are as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Perfective personal suffixes
!
! 1
! 2
! 3
|-
! sg.
| ''{{lang|rom|-om}}''
| ''{{lang|rom|-al}}'' / ''{{lang|rom|-an}}''
| ''{{lang|rom|-as}}''
|-
! pl.
| ''{{lang|rom|-am}}''
| ''{{lang|rom|-an}}'' / ''{{lang|rom|-en}}''
| ''{{lang|rom|-e}}''
|}

Verbs may also take a further remoteness suffix whose original form must have been ''{{lang|rom|-as(i)}}'' and which is preserved in different varieties as ''{{lang|rom|-as}}'', ''{{lang|rom|-ahi}}'', ''{{lang|rom|-ys}}'' or ''{{lang|rom|-s}}''.{{sfn|Matras|2006|loc=Morphology}} With non-perfective verbs this marks the imperfect, habitual, or conditional.{{sfn|Matras|2006|loc=Morphology}} With the perfective, this marks the [[pluperfect]] or counterfactual.{{sfn|Matras|2006|loc=Morphology}}

===== Class I =====
All the persons and numbers of present tense of the word ''{{lang|rom|te kerel}}'' in East Slovak Romani.<ref name="szl38">Šebková, Žlnayová 1998, p. 38</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!scope="col" | sg
!scope="col" | pl
|-
!scope="row" | 1.ps
|''{{lang|rom|me kerav}}''
|''{{lang|rom|amen keras}}''
|-
!scope="row" | 2.ps
|''{{lang|rom|tu keres}}''
|''{{lang|rom|tumen keren}}''
|-
!scope="row" | 3.ps
|''{{lang|rom|jov kerel}}''
|''{{lang|rom|jon keren}}''
|}

Various tenses of the same word, all in 2nd person singular.<ref name="mluvnice"/>
*present - ''{{lang|rom|tu keres}}''
*future - ''{{lang|rom|tu kereha}}'' (many other dialects use a future particle such as ''ka'' preceding the imperfective form : ''{{lang|rom|tu ka keres}})''
*past imperfect = present conditional - ''{{lang|rom|tu kerehas}}''
*past perfect - ''{{lang|rom|tu kerďal}}'' (''{{lang|rom|ker}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|d}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|'al}}'')
*past conditional - ''{{lang|rom|tu kerďalas}}'' (''{{lang|rom|ker}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|d}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|'al}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|as}}'')
*present imperative - ''{{lang|rom|ker!}}''

===== Class II =====
All the persons and numbers of present tense of the word ''{{lang|rom|te paťal}}'' in East Slovak Romani.<ref name="szl38"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!scope="col" | sg
!scope="col" | pl
|-
!scope="row" | 1.ps
|''{{lang|rom|me paťav}}''
|''{{lang|rom|amen paťas}}''
|-
!scope="row" | 2.ps
|''{{lang|rom|tu paťaha}}''
|''{{lang|rom|tumen paťan}}''
|-
!scope="row" | 3.ps
|''{{lang|rom|jov paťal}}''
|''{{lang|rom|jon paťan}}''
|}

Various tenses of the word ''{{lang|rom|te chal}}'', all in 2nd person singular.<ref name="mluvnice"/>
*present - ''{{lang|rom|tu džas}}''
*future - ''{{lang|rom|tu džaha}}''
*past imperfect = present conditional - ''{{lang|rom|tu džahas}}''
*past perfect - ''{{lang|rom|tu džaľom}}'' (irregular - regular form of ''{{lang|rom|tu paťas}}'' is ''{{lang|rom|tu paťaňom}}'')
*past conditional - ''{{lang|rom|tu džaľahas}}''
*present imperative - ''{{lang|rom|džaľa!}}''

===== Class III =====
All the persons and numbers of present tense of the word ''{{lang|rom|te pašľol}}'' in East Slovak Romani.<ref name="mluvnice"/> Note the added ''{{lang|rom|-uv-}}'', which is typical for this group.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!scope="col" | sg
!scope="col" | pl
|-
!scope="row" | 1.ps
|''{{lang|rom|me pašľuvav}}''
|''{{lang|rom|amen pašľuvas}}''
|-
!scope="row" | 2.ps
|''{{lang|rom|tu pašľos}}''
|''{{lang|rom|tumen pašľon}}''
|-
!scope="row" | 3.ps
|''{{lang|rom|jov pašľol}}''
|''{{lang|rom|jon pašľon}}''
|}

Various tenses of the same word, all in 2nd person singular again.<ref name="mluvnice"/>
*present - ''{{lang|rom|tu pašľos}}''
*future - ''{{lang|rom|tu pašľa}}''
*past imperfect = present conditional - ''{{lang|rom|tu pašľas}}''
*past perfect - ''{{lang|rom|tu pašľiľal}}'' (''{{lang|rom|pašľ}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|il}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|'al}}'')
*past conditional - ''{{lang|rom|tu pašľiľalas}}'' (''{{lang|rom|pašľ}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|il}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|'al}}'' + ''{{lang|rom|as}}'')
*present imperative - ''{{lang|rom|pašľuv!}}''<ref>Šebková, Žlnayová 1998, p. 107</ref>