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====Suffrage==== [[File:U.S. Vote for President as Population Share.png|thumb|upright=2|U.S. presidential election popular vote totals as a percentage of the total U.S. population grew from 1-2% in the first American elections to over 40% by the 21st century. Note the surge in 1828 ([[Jacksonian democracy|extension of suffrage to non-property-owning white men]]), the drop from 1890 to 1910 (when Southern states [[Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era|disenfranchised most African Americans and many poor whites]]), and another surge in 1920 ([[Women's suffrage in the United States|extension of suffrage to women]]).]] Some key events of suffrage expansion are: * 1792β1856: Abolition of property qualifications for white men were abolished.<ref name=NBER2005>{{cite web|author1=Stanley L. Engerman|author2=Kenneth L. Sokoloff|title=The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World|date=February 2005|url=http://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Workshops-Seminars/Economic-History/sokoloff-050406.pdf|pages=16, 35|quote=By 1840, only three states retained a property qualification, North Carolina (for some state-wide offices only), Rhode Island, and Virginia. In 1856 North Carolina was the last state to end the practice. Tax-paying qualifications were also gone in all but a few states by the Civil War, but they survived into the 20th century in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102314/http://economics.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Workshops-Seminars/Economic-History/sokoloff-050406.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-10|access-date=2022-09-29}}</ref> * 1868: Citizenship was guaranteed to all persons born or naturalized in the United States by the Fourteenth Amendment, although [[Jim Crow laws]] prevented most African Americans from voting. * 1920: Women are guaranteed the right to vote in all US states by the Nineteenth Amendment. * 1964-66: Civil Rights laws and Supreme Court rulings eliminate tax payment and wealth requirements and protect voter registration and voting for racial minorities. * 1971: Adults aged 18 through 20 are granted the right to vote by the Twenty-sixth Amendment.
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