Editing Pine Bluff, Arkansas (section)

==== Water ====
[[Liberty Utilities]] (formerly United Water), a subsidiary of [[Algonquin Power & Utilities]], a privately held company, treats [[potable water]] and operates the [[water distribution system]] in Pine Bluff (including [[Watson Chapel, Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Watson Chapel]]), as well as Hardin, Ladd, and [[White Hall, Arkansas|White Hall]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Community |url= http://www.libertyutilities.com/ar/about/community.html |publisher= Liberty Utilities |access-date= January 25, 2015 }}</ref> This partnership began in 1942 between the City of Pine Bluff and Arkansas Municipal Water Company, which has been acquired and merged to become Liberty Utilities.<ref>{{cite web |title= Water Quality Information |publisher= United Water Arkansas |year= 2007 |url= https://www.unitedwater.com/uploadedFiles/Localized_Content/UW_Bethel/50/UWAR_Consumer_Confidence_Report.pdf |access-date= January 25, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160313230451/https://unitedwater.com/uploadedfiles/localized_content/uw_bethel/50/uwar_consumer_confidence_report.pdf |archive-date= March 13, 2016 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref>

Water is pumped from 12 wells that pump from the Sparta Sand Aquifer to three water treatment plants capable of producing {{convert|20000000|gal|L}} per day (total). Each plant uses a process of pre-chlorination, aeration, filtration, and chlorine residual. [[Hexafluorosilicic acid|Hydrofluosilic acid]] and [[zinc orthophosphate]] are also added in addition to chlorine. The water is then distributed to approximately serving over 18,000 customers via {{convert|388|mi|km}} of water distribution mains.<ref>{{cite web |title= Water Quality Information |publisher= United Water Arkansas |date= June 2011 |url= https://www.unitedwater.com/uploadedFiles/Localized_Content/UW_Arkansas/20/UWAR_Consumer_Confidence_Report.pdf |access-date= January 25, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225355/https://www.unitedwater.com/uploadedFiles/Localized_Content/UW_Arkansas/20/UWAR_Consumer_Confidence_Report.pdf |archive-date= March 3, 2016 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref> A Source Water Vulnerability Assessment was conducted by the Arkansas Department of Health in 2013; it concluded that Pine Bluff's water supply is at medium susceptibility to contamination<ref>{{cite web |title= Annual Drinking Water Quality Report |url= http://www.libertyutilities.com/ar/saving/documents/LU_WaterQuality_2013.pdf |year= 2013 |publisher= Liberty Utilities |access-date= January 25, 2015 }}</ref>