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===Zero pillar=== This non-contributory pillar was introduced only recently, aiming to alleviate poverty among the elderly, and permitting fiscal conditions. It is usually financed by the state and is in form of basic pension schemes or social assistance.<ref name="auto">Terziev, Venelin. (2019). Historical development and characteristics of pension systems. 5. 124-135.</ref><ref name="auto2">Holzmann, R., Hinz, R., von Gersdorff, H., Gill, I., Impavido, G., Musalem, A. R., β¦ Subbarao, K. (2005). Old-Age Income Support in the 21st Century: An International Perspective on Pension Systems and Reform (pp. 10β10). N.W. Washington, DC, USA: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPENSIONS/Resources/Old_Age_Inc_Supp_Full_En.pdf</ref> In some typologies, the zero and the first pillar overlap.<ref name="auto6"/>
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