Editing Oman (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Oman}}{{Historical populations|percentages=pagr|1950|457,000|1960|537,000|1970|671,000|1980|1,017,000|1990|1,805,000|2000|2,344,000|2010|2,882,000|2015|4,192,000|2020|4,543,000|align=right|footnote=source:{{UN_Population|ref}}|2023|4644384}}By 2020, Oman's population exceeded 4.5&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofoman.com/article/117268-omans-population-crosses-45-million-2 | title=Oman's population crosses 4.5 million | access-date=8 June 2022 | archive-date=9 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209021936/https://timesofoman.com/article/117268-omans-population-crosses-45-million-2 | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[total fertility rate]] in 2020 was estimated to be 2.8 children born per woman; this rate has been rapidly decreasing in recent years.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?locations=OM | title=Fertility rate, total (Births per woman) - Oman &#124; Data | access-date=8 June 2022 | archive-date=9 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209080422/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?locations=OM | url-status=live }}</ref>  About half of the population lives in [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] and the [[Batinah]] coastal plain northwest of the capital. [[Omanis]] are entirely [[Arabs|Arab]], with certain groups of [[Omani Baloch|Baluchi]] and [[Afro-Omanis|African]] descent.<ref name="pop"/> Around 20 percent of Omanis are of Baloch descent whose ancestors migrated to Oman centuries ago, and are now considered native.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Long |first1=Roger D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzivCgAAQBAJ&dq=omani+baloch&pg=PA129 |title=State and Nation-Building in Pakistan: Beyond Islam and Security |last2=Singh |first2=Gurharpal |last3=Samad |first3=Yunas |last4=Talbot |first4=Ian |date=2015-10-08 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-44820-4 |language=en |access-date=7 August 2023 |archive-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919080547/https://books.google.com/books?id=nzivCgAAQBAJ&dq=omani+baloch&pg=PA129 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Omani society is largely [[tribal]]<ref name=inequal>{{cite book|year=2013|author=Khalid M. Al-Azri|title=Social and Gender Inequality in Oman: The Power of Religious and Political Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eb6Pgy1Q0vQC&pg=PA40|page=40|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1138816794|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035639/https://books.google.com/books?id=eb6Pgy1Q0vQC&pg=PA40|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=fa>{{cite journal|author=Judith Miller|title=Creating Modern Oman: An Interview with Sultan Qabus|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/53039/judith-miller/creating-modern-oman-an-interview-with-sultan-qabus|year=1997|journal=[[Foreign Affairs]]|volume=76|issue=May/June 1997|access-date=29 December 2014|author-link=Judith Miller|archive-date=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228174118/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/53039/judith-miller/creating-modern-oman-an-interview-with-sultan-qabus|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghbC-V8YKyEC&pg=PA196|year=2013|title=Democracy and Youth in the Middle East: Islam, Tribalism and the Rentier State in Oman|pages=170–197|author=Sulaiman al-Farsi|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1780760902|access-date=28 December 2014|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035639/https://books.google.com/books?id=ghbC-V8YKyEC&pg=PA196|url-status=live}}</ref> and encompasses three major identities:<ref name=inequal/> that of the tribe, the Muslim faith and maritime trade.<ref name=inequal/> The first two identities are closely tied to tradition and are especially prevalent in the interior of the country, owing to lengthy periods of isolation.<ref name=inequal/> The third identity pertains mostly to Muscat and the coastal areas of Oman, and is reflected by business, trade,<ref name=inequal/> and the origins of certain Omanis, who trace their roots to Baloch, [[Al-Lawatia]], [[Persian people|Persia]] and historical Omani [[Zanzibar]]. Omanis of Balochi descent typically use the surname/[[Nisba (onomastics)|nisba]] ''[[Al-Balushi]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=al Shaibany|first1=Saleh|title=Omanis flocking to Zanzibar, their ancestral home|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/omanis-flocking-to-zanzibar-their-ancestral-home|access-date=30 June 2014|work=The National|date=4 August 2010|archive-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408183502/http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/omanis-flocking-to-zanzibar-their-ancestral-home|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gwadar]], a region of Balochistan, was a Colony of Oman for more than a century. In the 1960s, Pakistan took over the land, with many Omanis still there.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.arabnews.com/node/1489531/world|title = Arab legacy lingers as Pakistan's Gwadar grows from tiny fishing town into port city|date = 29 April 2019|access-date = 19 November 2021|archive-date = 7 October 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221007095109/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1489531/world|url-status = live}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Islam in Oman|Religion in Oman}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = [[Religion in Oman]] (2020)<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/|title= Middle East OMAN|date= 21 December 2021|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 24 January 2021|archive-date= 13 March 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/|url-status= live}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Islam in Oman|Islam]]
|value1 = 85.9
|color1 = Green
|label3 = [[Christianity in Oman|Christianity]]
|value3 = 6.4
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|label2 = [[Hinduism in Oman|Hinduism]]
|value2 = 5.7
|color2 = Orange
|label4 = [[Buddhism in the Middle East|Buddhism]]
|value4 = 0.8
|color4 = Purple
|label5 = [[History of Jews in Oman|Judaism]]
|value5 = 0.1
|color5 = Yellow
|label6 = Other
|value6 = 0.2
|color = Grey
}}

Even though the Oman government does not keep statistics on religious affiliation, statistics from the US's Central Intelligence Agency state that adherents of [[Islam in Oman|Islam]] are in the majority at 85.9 percent, while 6.4 percent are [[Christianity in Oman|Christians]], 5.7 percent [[Hinduism in Oman|Hindus]], 0.8 percent [[Buddhism in the Middle East|Buddhists]], and fewer than 0.1 percent are [[History of the Jews in Oman|Jews]]; members of other religious affiliations comprise 1 percent and the unaffiliated 0.2 percent.

Virtually all Omanis are [[Muslims]]; these predominantly follow the [[Ibadi]] [[Islamic schools and branches|school]] of Islam,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-vicious-schism-between-sunni-and-shia-has-been-poisoning-islam-for-1400-years--and-its-getting-worse-9139525.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-vicious-schism-between-sunni-and-shia-has-been-poisoning-islam-for-1400-years--and-its-getting-worse-9139525.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Schism between Sunni and Shia has been poisoning Islam for 1,400 years – and it's getting worse|website=[[The Independent]] | quote=Oman is unusual because its Sunni and Shia residents are outnumbered by a third sect, the Ibadis, who constitute more than half the population. |first=Paul|last=Vallely|date=19 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ibadi sect of Islam thrives in the Sultanate of Oman |url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/794967 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Reuters Archive Licensing |language=en}}</ref> followed by the [[Shafi`i]] school of [[Sunni Islam]] and [[Twelver]] school of [[Shia Islam]], with virtually all non-Muslims in Oman being foreign workers which religions include various groups of [[Jainism|Jains]], [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]], [[Sikhism|Sikhs]], [[Hinduism|Hindus]] and [[Christians]]. Christian communities are centred in the major urban areas of [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]], [[Sohar]] and [[Salalah]]. These include [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and various [[Protestant]] congregations, organising along linguistic and ethnic lines. More than 50 different Christian groups, fellowships and assemblies are active in the Muscat metropolitan area, formed by migrant workers from Southeast Asia.

There are also communities of ethnic Indian Hindus and Christians. There are also a small Sikh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/news/oman-to-allow-temple-gurdwara-news-national-klytaydgdgd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129023102/http://sify.com/news/oman-to-allow-temple-gurdwara-news-national-klytaydgdgd.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 November 2010 |title=Oman to allow temple, gurdwara |website=[[Sify]] |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=14 January 2014}}</ref> community.

=== Languages ===
[[File:Sultan_Qaboos_Highway.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Arabic and English road sign in Oman]]
[[Arabic]] is the official and most widely spoken language of Oman. It belongs to the [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] branch of the [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] family.<ref name=molabs>{{cite web|title=Basic Statute of the State|url=http://mola.gov.om/basic_statute.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626055226/http://mola.gov.om/basic_statute.pdf|archive-date=26 June 2012|publisher=Ministry Of Legal Affairs}}</ref> There are several [[dialects of Arabic]] spoken, all part of the [[Peninsular Arabic]] family: [[Dhofari Arabic]] (also known as Dhofari, Zofari) is spoken in [[Salalah]] and the surrounding coastal regions (the [[Dhofar Governorate]]);{{Infobox language/ref|e18|lc1=ell|ld1=Dhofari Arabic|refname=}} [[Gulf Arabic]] is spoken in parts bordering the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]]; whereas [[Omani Arabic]], distinct from the Gulf Arabic of eastern Arabia and Bahrain, is spoken in Central Oman, although with recent oil wealth and mobility has spread over other parts of the Sultanate.

According to the U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA), the main languages spoken in Oman besides Arabic are English, [[Malayalam]], [[Balochi language|Baluchi]] (Southern Baluchi), [[Urdu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]] and various other Indian languages, due to the influx of Pakistani migrants and foreign workers. <ref name="pop"/> English is widely spoken in the business community and is taught at school from an early age. Almost all signs and writings appear in both Arabic and English at tourist sites.<ref name="englishplacenames"/> [[Balochi language|Baluchi]] is still sometimes spoken among Omanis of Balochi descent, although this has decreased in recent years. It is also used by some descendants of [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] sailors.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Sound System of Lawatiyya|url=http://www.jourlib.org/paper/2843775|journal=Journal of Academic and Applied Studies|volume=2|issue=5|author=Salman, Amel|author2=Kharusi, Nafla S.|pages=36–44|date=May 2012|access-date=10 February 2015|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630023244/http://www.jourlib.org/paper/2843775|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, [[Swahili language|Swahili]] is sometimes spoken among Omanis of [[Zanzibar|Zanzibari]] descent.<ref name="etn.sagepub.com"/>

Today, the [[Mehri language]] is limited in its distribution to the area around [[Salalah]], in [[Zafar, Yemen|Zafar]] and westward into the Yemen. But until the 18th or 19th century it was spoken further north, perhaps into Central Oman.<ref>[[Paul Alan Yule|Paul Yule]], Late Pre-Islamic Oman: The Inner Evidence – The Outside View, in: M. Hoffmann-Ruf–A. al-Salami (eds.), ''Studies on Ibadism and Oman, Oman and Overseas'', vol. 2, Hildesheim, 2013, 13–33, {{ISBN|9783487147987}}</ref> [[Baluchi language|Baluchi]] ([[Southern Baluchi language|Southern Baluchi]]) is widely spoken in Oman.<ref>{{cite news|title=Basic Information on Oman|url=http://www.omannews.gov.om/ona/english/Basic_Information_on_Oman.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205155257/http://www.omannews.gov.om/ona/english/Basic_Information_on_Oman.jsp|archive-date=5 December 2013|agency=Oman News Agency|access-date=19 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Endangered indigenous languages in Oman include [[Kumzari language|Kumzari]], [[Bathari language|Bathari]], [[Harsusi language|Harsusi]], [[Hobyot language|Hobyot]], [[Jibbali language|Jibbali]] and [[Mehri language|Mehri]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=19 January 2013|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812000456/http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/index.php|url-status=live}}<br />Khojki and Zidjali were also reported, but [[Khojki]] is an alphabet, not a language, and Zidjali AKA Makrani is a dialect of Southern Baluchi</ref> [[Omani Sign Language]] is the language of the deaf community.

=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Oman}}
[[File:Dhofar University.jpg|thumb|Dhofar University in Salalah]]
Oman scored high as of 2019 on the percentage of students who complete lower secondary school and on the literacy rate between the age of 15 and 24, 99.7 percent and 98.7 percent, respectively. However, Oman's net primary school enrollment rate in 2019, which is 94.1 percent, is rated as "challenges remain" by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) standard. Oman's overall evaluation in quality of education, according to UNSDG, is 94.8 ("challenges remain") as of 2019.<ref name=UNSD3>Sustainable Development Report Dashboards 2019 Oman. [https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/#/OMN Sustainable Development Report Dashboards 2019 Oman] SDG Index. 2019.</ref>

Oman's higher education produces a surplus in humanities and liberal arts, while it produces an insufficient number in technical and scientific fields and required skill-sets to meet the market demand.<ref name=unedp/> Further, sufficient human capital creates a business environment that can compete with, partner or attract foreign firms. Accreditation standards and mechanisms with a quality control that focuses on input assessments, rather than output, are areas of improvement in Oman, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 2014 report.<ref name=unedp/> The transformation Index BTI 2018 report on Oman recommends that the education curriculum should focus more on the "promotion of personal initiative and critical perspective".<ref name=bti1/> Oman was ranked 84th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2020, down from 80th in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation?|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2020/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|website=wipo.int|language=en|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603121259/https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2020/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Innovation Index 2019|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|website=wipo.int|language=en|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902101818/https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=RTD – Item|url=https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/rtd/items/691898|access-date=2 September 2021|publisher=European Commission|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902140715/https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/rtd/items/691898|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2013|title=Global Innovation Index|url=https://knowledge.insead.edu/entrepreneurship-innovation/global-innovation-index-2930|access-date=2 September 2021|website=INSEAD Knowledge|language=en|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902101622/https://knowledge.insead.edu/entrepreneurship-innovation/global-innovation-index-2930|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The adult literacy rate in 2010 was 86.9 percent.<ref name=unescolit>{{cite web|title=National adult literacy rates (15+), youth literacy rates (15–24) and elderly literacy rates (65+)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=210|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=18 January 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029183908/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=210|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the [[Webometrics Ranking of World Universities]], the top-ranking universities in the country are [[Sultan Qaboos University]] (1678th worldwide), Dhofar University (6011th) and the [[University of Nizwa]] (6093rd).<ref>{{cite web|title=Oman |url=http://www.webometrics.info/en/aw/Oman |publisher=Ranking Web of Universities |access-date=26 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221185619/http://www.webometrics.info/en/aw/Oman |archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref>

=== Healthcare ===
{{Main|Healthcare in Oman}}
Since 2003, Oman's undernourished share of the population has dropped from 11.7 percent to 5.4 percent in 2016, but the rate remains high: double the level of high-income economies (2.7 percent) in 2016.<ref name=ourworld2>Share of the Population that is Undernourished. [https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment?tab=chart&country=OMN+High%20income Our World in Data: Share of the population that is undernourished] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806082059/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment?tab=chart&country=OMN+High%20income |date=6 August 2020 }} Our World in Data. Retrieved 2019.</ref> The UNSDG targets zero hunger by 2030.<ref name=UNSD1>Prevalence of Undernourishment. [https://sdg-tracker.org/zero-hunger UNSDG: Prevalence of undernourishment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326131025/https://sdg-tracker.org/zero-hunger |date=26 March 2019 }} Sustainable Development Goals Tracker. Retrieved 2019.</ref> Oman's coverage of essential health services in 2015 was 77 percent, which is relatively higher than the world's average of approximately 54 percent during the same year, but lower than high-income economies' level (83 percent) in 2015.<ref name=ourworldreport>Healthcare Access and Quality Index. [https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/healthcare-access-and-quality-index?tab=chart&time=1990..2015&country=OMN+High-income Our World in Data: Healthcare Access and Quality Index] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806020130/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/healthcare-access-and-quality-index?tab=chart&time=1990..2015&country=OMN+High-income |date=6 August 2020 }}</ref>

Since 1995, the percentage of Omani children who receive key vaccines has consistently been very high (above 99 percent). As for road incident death rates, Oman's rate has been decreasing since 1990, from 98.9 per 100,000 individuals to 47.1 per 100,000 in 2017, however, the rate remains significantly above average, which was 15.8 per 100,000 in 2017.<ref name=UNSD2>Good Health. [https://sdg-tracker.org/good-health UNSDG: good health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427020651/https://sdg-tracker.org/good-health |date=27 April 2023 }} United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved 2019.</ref> Oman's health spending to GDP between 2015 and 2016 averaged 4.3 percent, while the world's average during the same period averaged 10 percent.<ref name=HSIOTW/>

As for mortality due to air pollution (household and ambient air pollution), Oman's rate was 53.9 per 100,000 population as of 2016.<ref name=WHOREPORT>{{Cite web|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272596/9789241565585-eng.pdf?ua=1|title=World Health Organization: "Monitoring Health for SDGs" 2018 report|access-date=29 September 2019|archive-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001015440/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272596/9789241565585-eng.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in 2019 the WHO ranked Oman as the least polluted country in the [[Arab world]], with a score of 37.7 in the [[Air Pollution Index|pollution index]]. The country ranked 112th in Asia among the list of highest polluted countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.omanobserver.om/oman-among-least-polluted-countries-in-asia/|title=Oman among least polluted countries in Asia|access-date=24 November 2019|website=Oman Observer|date=24 November 2019|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806084104/https://www.omanobserver.om/oman-among-least-polluted-countries-in-asia/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Life expectancy at birth in Oman was estimated to be 76.1 years in 2010.<ref name=mesi>{{cite web|title=Major Economic & Social Indicators|url=http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website/book/mb/Dec2012/T1.pdf|publisher=National Center for Statistics & Information|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514092309/http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website/book/mb/Dec2012/T1.pdf|archive-date=14 May 2014|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2010}}, there were an estimated 2.1 physicians and 2.1 hospital beds per 1,000 people.<ref name=mesi/> In 1993, 89 percent of the population had access to health care services. In 2000, 99 percent of the population had access to health care services.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alshishtawy |first=Moeness M |title=Four Decades of Progress |journal=Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal |year=2010 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=12–22 |doi=10.18295/2075-0528.1154 |issn=2075-051X |pmc=3074664 |pmid=21509077}}</ref> In 2000, Oman's health system was ranked number 8 by the WHO.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems|url=https://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=5 October 2020|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222713/https://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Largest cities ===
{{Main list|List of cities in Oman}}
{{Largest cities
| country      = Oman
| stat_ref     = {{cite web |url=http://www.geonames.org/OM/largest-cities-in-oman.html |title=Oman – 10 Largest Cities |website=geonames.org |access-date=20 August 2021 }}
| div_link     = Governorates of Oman{{!}}Governorate / Region

|city_1 = Muscat, Oman{{!}}Muscat
|div_1 = Muscat Governorate{{!}}Muscat
|pop_1 = 797,000
|img_1 = Oman-Muscat-Muttrah-21-Marina.JPG

|city_2 = Seeb, Oman{{!}}Seeb
|div_2 = Muscat Governorate {{!}}Muscat
|pop_2 = 237,816
|img_2 = Seeb highway-Oman.jpg

|city_3 = Salalah
|div_3 = Dhofar Governorate{{!}}Dhofar
|pop_3 = 163,140
|img_3 = View from Hamilton Plaza Hotel - panoramio.jpg

|city_4 = Bawshar
|div_4 = Muscat Governorate{{!}}Muscat
|pop_4 = 159,487
|img_4 = The Ministry of Legal Affairs.jpg

|city_5 = Sohar
|div_5 = Al Batinah Region{{!}}Al Batinah
|pop_5 = 108,274

|city_6 = Suwayq
|div_6 = Al Batinah Region{{!}}Al Batinah
|pop_6 = 107,143

|city_7 = Ibri
|div_7 = Az Zahirah{{!}}Az Zahirah
|pop_7 = 101,640

|city_8 = Saham
|div_8 = Al Batinah Region{{!}}Al Batinah
|pop_8 = 89,327

|city_9 = Barka, Oman{{!}}Barka
|div_9 = Al Batinah Region{{!}}Al Batinah
|pop_9 = 81,647

|city_10 = Rustaq
|div_10 = Al Batinah Region{{!}}Al Batinah
|pop_10 = 79,383

}}