Editing New Urbanism (section)

===== 20-minute neighbourhoods =====
[[Melbourne]] followed up a 2014 plan<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last1=Stanley|first1=John|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274064812|title=Moving People: Connecting Neighbourhoods: The 20 minute city, Bus Industry Confederation Inc.|last2=Stanley|first2=Janet|last3=Davis|first3=Stephen|date=2015-03-23}}</ref> by launching 20-minute neighbourhoods in January 2018, aiming to provide for most daily needs within a 20-minute walk from home, together with safe cycling and public transport options.<ref>{{Cite web|title=20 minute neighbourhoods|url=https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/current-projects/20-minute-neighbourhoods|last=Department of Environment|first=Land|website=www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> Another definition has used the time taken to cycle, or take a bus.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stanley|first=John|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274075380|title=Connecting neighbourhoods: The 20 minute city. Bus and Coach Industry Policy paper 4|date=2015-03-25}}</ref> In Melbourne the concept was initiated in the suburbs of [[Croydon South, Victoria|Croydon South]], [[Strathmore, Victoria|Strathmore]], and [[Sunshine West, Victoria|Sunshine West]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=20-Minute Neighbourhoods|url=https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/428908/Creating-a-more-liveable-Melbourne.pdf|date=2019|website=Victoria State Government|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2023-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412032835/https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/428908/Creating-a-more-liveable-Melbourne.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concept has since expanded to other cities, such as [[Singapore]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=People love the idea of 20-minute neighbourhoods. So why isn't it top of the agenda?|url=http://theconversation.com/people-love-the-idea-of-20-minute-neighbourhoods-so-why-isnt-it-top-of-the-agenda-131193|last1=Stanley|first1=John|last2=Hansen|first2=Roz|website=The Conversation|date=19 February 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> and [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] in [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamilton Mode Shift Programme - 20 Minute City|url=https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-city/covid-19/recovery-package/Documents/1.%20Hamilton%20Mode%20Shift%20Programme%20-%2020%20Minute%20City%20.pdf|date=March 2020|website=Hamilton City Council|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203231418/https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-city/covid-19/recovery-package/Documents/1.%20Hamilton%20Mode%20Shift%20Programme%20-%2020%20Minute%20City%20.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Critics have pointed out that Melbourne's plan excludes jobs and that a previous target for public transport use has been shelved.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is the "20-minute city" mostly spin? – The Urbanist|url=https://blogs.crikey.com.au/theurbanist/2017/08/09/20-minute-city-mostly-spin/|website=blogs.crikey.com.au|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2021-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517124111/https://blogs.crikey.com.au/theurbanist/2017/08/09/20-minute-city-mostly-spin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concept has been equated with [[Localism Act 2011|localism]].<ref name=":3" />

[[Dubai]] launched the 20-minute city project in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Rory |date=2022-12-12 |title=Dubai 2040 Urban Plan: Ruler sets out ambitions to create '20-minute city' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/2022/12/12/dubai-urban-plan-sheikh-mohammed-property/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> where residents are able to access daily needs & destinations within 20 minutes by foot or bicycle. The plan involves placing 55% of the residents within 800 meters of mass transit stations, allowing them to reach 80% of their daily needs and destinations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dubai 2040 {{!}} The Dubai 2040 Urban Master Plan recognizes the significance of time in people's lives and acknowledges that effectively managing and utilizing time for commuting and meeting basic needs. |url=http://dubai2040.ae/en/projects-and-initiatives/the-20-minutes-city/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>