Editing Nationalism (section)

=== Creole ===
{{main|Creole nationalism}}
Creole nationalism is the ideology that emerged in independence movements among the creoles (descendants of the colonizers), especially in [[Latin America]] in the early 19th century.<ref> Joshua Simon, ''The Ideology of Creole Revolution: Imperialism and Independence in American and Latin American Political Thought'' (2017) pp 1-2.</ref> It was facilitated when French Emperor Napoleon seized control of Spain and Portugal, breaking the chain of control from the Spanish and Portuguese kings to the local governors. Allegiance to the Napoleonic states was rejected, and increasingly the creoles demanded independence. They achieved it after civil wars 1808–1826.<ref>D. A. Brading, ''The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots and the Liberal State 1492–1866'' (1991)</ref>