Editing Misogyny (section)

===Contempt for the feminine===
[[Julia Serano]] defines misogyny as not only hatred of women per se, but the "tendency to dismiss and deride femaleness and femininity." In this view, misogyny also causes [[homophobia]] against gay men because gay men are stereotyped as feminine and weak; misogyny likewise causes anxiety among straight men that they will be seen as unmanly.<ref name="Berlatsky 2014">{{cite magazine |last=Berlatsky |first=Noah |date=June 5, 2014 |title=Can Men Really Be Feminists? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/06/men-can-be-feminists-too/372234/ |magazine=The Atlantic |access-date=July 14, 2020 |archive-date=30 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730082004/https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/06/men-can-be-feminists-too/372234/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Serano's book ''[[Whipping Girl]]'' argues that most anti-trans sentiment directed at [[trans women]] should be understood as misogyny. By embracing femininity, the book argues, trans women cast doubt on the superiority of masculinity.<ref>{{cite book |last=Serano |first=Julia |author-link=Julia Serano |date=2007 |title=Whipping Girl |location=Berkeley |publisher=Seal Press |page=15 |isbn=978-1-58005-154-5}}</ref>

[[File:Jean-Léon Gérôme, Pygmalion and Galatea, ca. 1890.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], ''Pygmalion and Galatea'', c. 1890]]
Culture rewards traits that are considered masculine and devalues traits that seem feminine, according to Tracy M. Hallstead at [[Quinnipiac University]]. From childhood, boys and men are told to "man up" to appear tough by distancing themselves from feminine things. Boys learn that it is shameful to be seen as emotional, dependent, or vulnerable. Men raised in this way may disown femininity and may even learn to despise it. In this view, misogyny is directed not only at women, but at any feminine qualities that men see within themselves.<ref name="Hallstead2013">{{cite book |last=Hallstead |first=Tracy M. |date=2013 |title=Pygmalion's Chisel: For Women Who Are "Never Good Enough" |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |pages=16–18 |isbn=978-1-4438-4884-8}}</ref>

This contempt for the feminine causes men feel that they must assert their dominance over women by controlling them, Hallstead writes. She illustrates this with the ancient story of [[Pygmalion (mythology)|Pygmalion]], a sculptor who hated "the faults beyond measure which nature has given to women."<ref>{{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Edith |author-link=Edith Hamilton |date=June 1953 |title=Mythology |url=https://4.files.edl.io/2de7/05/18/18/235210-d49a73bb-318a-4250-81b6-cf80f1741ada.pdf |location=Calcutta |publisher=Tridibesh Basu |page=108 |access-date=13 June 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309015332/https://4.files.edl.io/2de7/05/18/18/235210-d49a73bb-318a-4250-81b6-cf80f1741ada.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Pygmalion creates a sculpture of a woman that magically comes alive. Pygmalion is very gratified by the complete control he has over the woman, [[Galatea (mythology)|Galatea]], because this control re-enforces his masculinity. He considers Galatea the perfect woman, in spite of his contempt for women, because of his absolute power over her.<ref name="Hallstead2013" />