Editing Iceland (section)

===Energy===
{{see also|Energy in Iceland}}
[[File:NesjavellirPowerPlant edit2.jpg|thumb|The [[Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Station]] services the [[Capital Region (Iceland)|Capital Region]]'s hot water and electricity needs. Virtually all of Iceland's electricity comes from renewable resources.<ref name = "energy">{{cite web |url=http://www.nordicenergysolutions.org/performance-policy/iceland/renewable-energy-in-iceland |title=Renewable energy in Iceland |publisher=Nordic Energy Solutions |access-date=12 February 2010 |archive-date=28 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228195210/http://www.nordicenergysolutions.org/performance-policy/iceland/renewable-energy-in-iceland |url-status=dead }}</ref>]]
[[File:Iceland electricity production.svg|thumb|Iceland electricity production by source]]

[[Renewable energy|Renewable sources]]—[[geothermal power|geothermal]] and [[hydropower]]—provide effectively all of Iceland's electricity<ref name = "energy"/> and around 85% of the nation's total primary energy consumption,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.askjaenergy.org/iceland-introduction/iceland-energy-sector/ |title=The Energy Sector |publisher=Askja Energy – The Independent Icelandic Energy Portal |date=11 November 2011 |access-date=4 August 2013 |archive-date=8 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808085844/http://askjaenergy.org/iceland-introduction/iceland-energy-sector/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with most of the remainder consisting of imported oil products used in transportation and in the fishing fleet.<ref name="statice1">{{cite web |url=http://www.statice.is/Uploads/files/LH06/L060701.xls |title=Gross energy consumption by source 1987–2005 |publisher=statice.is |access-date=10 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125021947/http://www.statice.is/Uploads/files/LH06/L060701.xls |archive-date=25 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statice.is/?PageID=1230&src=%2Ftemp_en%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DIDN02101%26ti%3DInstalled+capacity+and+generation+in+public+power+plants+1976-2007+%26path%3D..%2FDatabase%2Fidnadur%2Forkumal%2F%26lang%3D1%26units%3DMegawatt%2FGigawatt%20hour%20%2Fpercent |title=Statistics Iceland&nbsp;– Statistics: Manufacturing and energy Energy |publisher=statice.is |access-date=10 February 2010 |archive-date=18 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118185627/http://www.statice.is/?PageID=1230&src=%2Ftemp_en%2FDialog%2Fvarval.asp%3Fma%3DIDN02101%26ti%3DInstalled+capacity+and+generation+in+public+power+plants+1976-2007+%26path%3D..%2FDatabase%2Fidnadur%2Forkumal%2F%26lang%3D1%26units%3DMegawatt%2FGigawatt%20hour%20%2Fpercent |url-status=live }}</ref> Iceland's largest geothermal power plants are [[Hellisheiði Power Station|Hellisheiði]] and [[Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Station|Nesjavellir]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.or.is/English/Projects/HellisheidiGeothermalPlant/ |title=Hellisheiði Geothermal Plant |publisher=Orkuveita Reykjavíkur |access-date=12 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121165659/http://www.or.is/English/Projects/HellisheidiGeothermalPlant |archive-date=21 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.or.is/English/Projects/NesjavellirGeothermalPlant/ |title=Nesjavellir Geothermal Plant |publisher=Orkuveita Reykjavíkur |access-date=12 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126141447/http://www.or.is/English/Projects/NesjavellirGeothermalPlant/ |archive-date=26 January 2010}}</ref> while [[Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant]] is the country's largest hydroelectric power station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/20090917__wec_krahnjkar_bb.pdf |title=Kárahnjúkar HEP&nbsp;– WEC Executive Assembly 2009 |publisher=worldenergy.org |access-date=12 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511094510/http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/20090917__wec_krahnjkar_bb.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2011}}</ref> When the Kárahnjúkavirkjun started operating, Iceland became the world's largest electricity producer per capita.<ref name="largest-electricity"/>

In 2023, [[battery electric vehicle]]s constituted 50.1% of new registrations and around 18% of the country's vehicle fleet was electrified in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bifreiðaeigenda |first=Félag íslenskra |title=Nýskráningar fólksbíla árið 2023 voru 17.549 |url=https://www.fib.is/is/um-fib/frettir/nyskraningar-folksbila-arid-2023-voru-17549 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Félag íslenskra bifreiðaeigenda |language=is |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324011021/https://www.fib.is/is/um-fib/frettir/nyskraningar-folksbila-arid-2023-voru-17549 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Orkuskipti — Orkustofnun |url=https://orkustofnun.is/orkuskipti/orkusetur-orkuskipti |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Orkuskipti — Orkustofnun |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324011024/https://orkustofnun.is/orkuskipti/orkusetur-orkuskipti |url-status=live }}</ref> Iceland is one of the few countries that have filling stations dispensing hydrogen fuel for cars powered by [[fuel cell]]s.<ref>{{cite news |date=2021-05-22 |title=Vetnisbílar hafa ekki eins greiðan aðgang að orku og aðrir bílar |url=https://www.fib.is/is/um-fib/frettir/vetnisbilar-hafa-ekki-eins-greidan-adgang-ad-orku-og-adrir-bilar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618122218/https://www.fib.is/is/um-fib/frettir/vetnisbilar-hafa-ekki-eins-greidan-adgang-ad-orku-og-adrir-bilar |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=fib.is |language=is}}</ref>

Despite this, Icelanders emitted 16.9&nbsp;tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> per capita in 2016, the highest among EFTA and EU members, mainly resulting from transport and [[aluminium smelting]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statice.is/publications/news-archive/environment/carbon-dioxide-emission-per-capita/ |title=Iceland has the highest per capita CO2 emissions from the economy |publisher=Statistics Iceland |date=November 2018 |access-date=13 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513160924/https://www.statice.is/publications/news-archive/environment/carbon-dioxide-emission-per-capita/ |archive-date=13 May 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nevertheless, in 2010, Iceland was reported by ''Guinness World Records'' as "the Greenest Country", reaching the highest score by the [[Environmental Sustainability Index]], which measures a country's water use, biodiversity and adoption of clean energies, with a score of 93.5/100.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-score-by-the-environmental-sustainability-index-(country) |title=Highest score by the Environmental Sustainability Index (country) |work=Guinness World Records |access-date=1 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617105248/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/highest-score-by-the-environmental-sustainability-index-(country) |archive-date=17 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 22 January 2009, Iceland announced its first round of [[Oil platform|offshore]] licences for companies wanting to conduct [[hydrocarbon exploration]] and production in a region northeast of Iceland, known as the [[Jan Mayen Microcontinent#Economic resources|Dreki area]].<ref>{{cite web|author = Phaedra Friend|url = http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=71990|title = Iceland Opens First-Ever Offshore Licensing Round|publisher = Rigzone|date = 22 January 2009|access-date = 10 February 2010|archive-date = 20 May 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130520130609/http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=71990|url-status = live}}</ref> Three exploration licences were awarded but all were subsequently relinquished.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://askjaenergy.com/2018/01/30/oil-exploration-at-dreki-on-hold/|title=Oil exploration at Dreki on hold|access-date=13 May 2019|publisher=Askja Energy|date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513162207/https://askjaenergy.com/2018/01/30/oil-exploration-at-dreki-on-hold/|archive-date=13 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Iceland's official governmental goal is to cut [[greenhouse gas]] emissions by 40% by the year 2030 and reach [[carbon neutrality]] by the year 2040.<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change |url=https://www.government.is/topics/environment-climate-and-nature-protection/climate-change/ |website=Government of Iceland |access-date=26 July 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819120044/https://www.government.is/topics/environment-climate-and-nature-protection/climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of its commitment to renewable energy, the 2016 Global Green Economy Index ranked Iceland among the top 10 greenest economies in the world.<ref name="ggei">{{cite web |title=Global Green Economy Index |url=http://dualcitizeninc.com/GGEI-2016.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003083020/http://dualcitizeninc.com/GGEI-2016.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2016 |access-date=19 September 2016 |publisher=Dual Citizen LLC}}</ref>