Editing Hybrid (biology) (section)

===In humans===
{{main |Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans}}
{{also |Humanzee}}
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[[File:Oase 2-Homo Sapiens.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Oase 2]] skull may be a human-[[Neanderthal]] hybrid.]]

There is evidence of hybridization between modern humans and other species of the genus ''[[Homo]]''. In 2010, the [[Neanderthal genome project]] showed that 1–4% of DNA from all people living today, apart from most [[Sub-Saharan African]]s, is of Neanderthal heritage. Analyzing the genomes of 600 Europeans and East Asians found that combining them covered 20% of the Neanderthal genome that is in the modern human population.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vernot |first1=B. |last2=Akey |first2=J. M. |date=2014 |title=Resurrecting Surviving Neandertal Lineages from Modern Human Genomes |journal=Science |volume=343 |issue=6174 |pages=1017–1021 |bibcode=2014Sci...343.1017V |doi=10.1126/science.1245938 |pmid=24476670 |s2cid=23003860|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ancient human populations lived and interbred with Neanderthals, [[Denisovans]], and at least one other [[archaic human|extinct ''Homo'' species]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Green |first1=R.E. |last2=Krause |first2=J. |last3=Briggs |first3=A.W. |last4=Maricic |first4=T. |last5=Stenzel |first5=U. |last6=Kircher |first6=M. |display-authors=etal |date=2010 |title=A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome |journal=Science |volume=328 |issue=5979 |pages=710–722 |bibcode=2010Sci...328..710G |doi=10.1126/science.1188021 |pmc=5100745 |pmid=20448178}}</ref> Thus, Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA has been incorporated into human DNA by introgression.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature13408 |pmid=25043035 |title=Altitude adaptation in Tibetans caused by introgression of Denisovan-like DNA |journal=Nature |volume=512 |issue=7513 |pages=194–197 |date=2014 |last1=Huerta-Sánchez |first1=Emilia |last2=Jin |first2=Xin |last3=Asan |last4=Bianba |first4=Zhuoma |last5=Peter |first5=Benjamin M. |last6=Vinckenbosch |first6=Nicolas |last7=Liang |first7=Yu |last8=Yi |first8=Xin |last9=He |first9=Mingze |last10=Somel |first10=Mehmet |last11=Ni |first11=Peixiang |last12=Wang |first12=Bo |last13=Ou |first13=Xiaohua |last14=Huasang |last15=Luosang |first15=Jiangbai |last16=Cuo |first16=Zha XiPing |last17=Li |first17=Kui |last18=Gao |first18=Guoyi |last19=Yin |first19=Ye |last20=Wang |first20=Wei |last21=Zhang |first21=Xiuqing |last22=Xu |first22=Xun |last23=Yang |first23=Huanming |last24=Li |first24=Yingrui |last25=Wang |first25=Jian |last26=Wang |first26=Jun |last27=Nielsen |first27=Rasmus |pmc=4134395|bibcode=2014Natur.512..194H}}</ref>

In 1998, a complete prehistorical skeleton found in [[Portugal]], the [[Lapedo child]], had features of both anatomically modern humans and [[Neanderthal]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Duarte |first1=Cidalia |display-authors=etal |date=22 June 1999 |title=The early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in Iberia |journal=PNAS |volume=96 |issue=13 |pages=7604–7609 |bibcode=1999PNAS...96.7604D |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.13.7604 |pmc=22133 |pmid=10377462 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Some ancient human skulls with especially large nasal cavities and unusually shaped braincases represent human-Neanderthal hybrids. A 37,000- to 42,000-year-old [[Oase 2|human jawbone found in Romania's Oase cave]] contains traces of Neanderthal ancestry{{efn |Signs of Neanderthal lineage include a wide jaw and large teeth that get bigger toward the back of the mouth.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bower |first1=Bruce |title=Animal hybrids may hold clues to Neandertal-human interbreeding |url= https://www.sciencenews.org/article/animal-hybrids-may-hold-clues-neandertal-human-interbreeding |work=Sciencenews |date=5 October 2016 |access-date=23 May 2017 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170912002152/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/animal-hybrids-may-hold-clues-neandertal-human-interbreeding |url-status=live}}</ref>}} from only four to six generations earlier.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Qiaomei |display-authors=etal |title=An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor |journal=Nature |volume=524 |issue=7564 |date=13 August 2015 |pages=216–219 |doi=10.1038/nature14558|pmc=4537386 |pmid=26098372|bibcode=2015Natur.524..216F}}</ref> All genes from Neanderthals in the current human population are descended from Neanderthal fathers and human mothers.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=C. C. |last2=Farina |first2=S. E. |last3=Li |first3=H. |title=Neanderthal DNA and modern human origins |journal=Quaternary International |date=2013 |orig-year=online 2012 |volume=295 |pages=126–129 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.027|bibcode=2013QuInt.295..126W}}</ref>
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