Editing Hesse (section)

== Culture ==
Hesse has a rich and varied cultural history, with many important cultural and historical centres and several UNESCO world-heritage sites.

=== Architecture, art, literature and music ===
[[Darmstadt]] has a rich cultural heritage as the former seat of the [[Hesse-Homburg|Landgraves]] and [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Grand Dukes]] of Hesse. It is known as centre of the [[Art Nouveau]] [[Jugendstil]] and modern architecture and there are also several important examples of 19th century architecture influenced by British and Russian imperial architecture due to close family ties of the Grand Duke's family to the reigning dynasties in [[London]] and [[Saint Petersburg]] in the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Grand Duchy period]]. Darmstadt is an important centre for music, home of the [[Darmstädter Ferienkurse]] for [[contemporary classical music]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://internationales-musikinstitut.de/en/ferienkurse/|title=Darmstädter Ferienkurse – Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt|work=Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt|access-date=13 May 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513002220/http://internationales-musikinstitut.de/en/ferienkurse/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Jazz Institute Darmstadt, Europe's largest public jazz archive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jazzinstitut.de/?lang=en|title=Jazzinstitut Darmstadt|website=www.jazzinstitut.de|language=en-US|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=22 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522035841/http://www.jazzinstitut.de/?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Frankfurt#Culture|Frankfurt am Main]] is a major international cultural centre. Over 2&nbsp;million people visit the city's approximately 60 exhibition centres every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=5021811|title=Frankfurt am Main: Museums|website=www.frankfurt.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818194349/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=5021811|archive-date=18 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amongst its most famous art galleries are the [[Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt|Schirn Kunsthalle]], a major centre for international modern art,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.schirn.de/en/m/schirn/|title=About us|last=FRANKFURT|first=SCHIRN KUNSTHALLE|date=28 April 2016|work=SCHIRN KUNSTHALLE FRANKFURT|access-date=13 May 2018|language=en-us|archive-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525061806/http://www.schirn.de/en/m/schirn/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Städel Museum|Städel]], whose large collections include over 3000 paintings, 4000 photographs, and 100,000 drawings including works by [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]], [[Claude Monet|Monet]], [[Rembrandt]] and [[Albrecht Dürer|Dürer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.staedelmuseum.de/en/about-stadel-museum|title=About the Städel Museum|website=Städel Museum|language=en-GB|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513152508/https://www.staedelmuseum.de/en/about-stadel-museum|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] was born in Frankfurt and there is a museum in his [[Goethe House|birthplace]]. Frankfurt has many music venues, including an award-winning [[Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt|opera house]], the [[Alte Oper]], and the [[Jahrhunderthalle]]. Its several theatres include the English Theatre, the largest English-speaking theatre on the European continent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=5021810&_ffmpar%5B_id_inhalt%5D=177769|title=Frankfurt am Main: English Theatre|website=www.frankfurt.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513152716/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=5021810&_ffmpar%5B_id_inhalt%5D=177769|archive-date=13 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Kassel]] has many palaces and parks, including [[Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe]], a Baroque landscape park and UNESCO World Heritage site.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museum-kassel.de/en/museums-parks-palaces/unesco-world-heritage-site-of-bergpark-wilhelmshoehe|title=UNESCO world heritage site of bergpark wilhelmshöhe {{!}} Museumslandschaft Hessen Kassel|website=museum-kassel.de|language=de|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513152607/http://museum-kassel.de/en/museums-parks-palaces/unesco-world-heritage-site-of-bergpark-wilhelmshoehe|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Brothers Grimm]] lived and worked in Kassel for 30 years and the recently opened Grimmwelt museum explores their lives, works and influence and features their personal copies of the [[Grimms' Fairy Tales|Children's and Household Tales]], which are on the UNESCO World Heritage "Memory of the World" Document register.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.grimmwelt.de/en/news/welcome-to-the-grimm-world-kassel/|title=Welcome to the GRIMM WORLD Kassel: GRIMMWELT|website=www.grimmwelt.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513223727/http://www.grimmwelt.de/en/news/welcome-to-the-grimm-world-kassel/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Fridericianum]], built in 1779, is one of the oldest public museums in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kassel.de/kultur/sehenswuerdigkeiten/Innenstadt/11674/index.html|title=Stadtportal – Fridericianum|last=Kassel|first=Stadt|website=www.kassel.de|language=de|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513152106/http://www.kassel.de/kultur/sehenswuerdigkeiten/Innenstadt/11674/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kassel is also home to the ''[[documenta]]'', a large modern art exhibition that has taken place every five years since the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.documenta.de/|title=documenta|website=www.documenta.de|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509194026/http://www3.documenta.de/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Hessian Ministry of the Arts supports numerous independent cultural initiatives, organisations, and associations as well as artists from many fields including music, literature, theatre and dance, cinema and the new media, graphic art, and exhibitions. International cultural projects aim to further relations with European partners.<ref>State of Hesse Website – Art and Culture [https://wissenschaft.hessen.de//ueber-uns/welcome-our-website/art-and-culture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704164722/https://wissenschaft.hessen.de/ueber-uns/welcome-our-website/art-and-culture|date=4 July 2017}} Retrieved 21 July 2015</ref>

From an archaeological point of view, the old watercourses of Hesse provide evidence of the wider history of the landscape and their protection has required cooperation.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Becker|first1=Thomas|title=Experiences Between Nature Conservation and Archaeology in the Old Water System of Southern Hesse|journal=Internet Archaeology|date=2023|issue=62|doi=10.11141/ia.62.11|doi-access=free|url=https://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue62/11/index.html|access-date=24 February 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224155747/https://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue62/11/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== UNESCO World Heritage Sites ===
Hesse has several UNESCO World Heritage sites.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites|title=UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Hessen|website = Hessen Tourismus|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513223830/http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites|archive-date=13 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> These include:

* [[Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe]] in Kassel<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/wilhelmshoehe-palace-and-park|title=Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe|website =Hessen Tourismus|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514141359/http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/wilhelmshoehe-palace-and-park|archive-date=14 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Kellerwald-Edersee National Park]] in North Hesse<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/germany-s-ancient-beech-forests|title=Germany's Ancient Beech Forests {{!}} Hessen Tourismus|website=www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513223821/http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/germany-s-ancient-beech-forests|archive-date=13 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Lorsch Abbey]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/lorsch-benedictine-abbey-and-altenmuenster|title=Lorsch – Benedictine Abbey and Altenmünster {{!}} Hessen Tourismus|website=www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513223824/http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/lorsch-benedictine-abbey-and-altenmuenster|archive-date=13 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Messel pit|Messel Fossil Pit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/messel-pit-fossil-site|title=Messel Pit Fossil Site {{!}} Hessen Tourismus|website=www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514141355/http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/messel-pit-fossil-site|archive-date=14 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Exhibits from the Messel Pit can be seen in Messel town museum,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grube-messel.de/|title=Home|website=www.grube-messel.de|language=de-de|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=11 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511225845/https://grube-messel.de/|url-status=live}}</ref> the Museum of Hessen in Darmstadt,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hlmd.de/en/museum/natural-history/history-of-the-earth/messel-pit.html|title=Messel Pit – Hessisches Landesmuseum|website=www.hlmd.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=14 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514064620/http://www.hlmd.de/en/museum/natural-history/history-of-the-earth/messel-pit.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Naturmuseum Senckenberg|Senckenberg Museum]] in Frankfurt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=14925|title=SENCKENBERG world of biodiversity {{!}} Museums {{!}} Museum Frankfurt {{!}} The Museum {{!}} Exhibitions {{!}} World natural heritage "..|website=www.senckenberg.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924225030/http://www.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=14925|archive-date=24 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Saalburg]], part of the [[Roman limes|Roman Limes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/roman-limes|title=Roman Limes {{!}} Hessen Tourismus|website=www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de|language=en|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513223827/http://www.languages.hessen-tourismus.de/culture-indulgence-in-hessen/unesco-world-heritage-sites/roman-limes|archive-date=13 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Darmstadt Artists' Colony]]<ref name="Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission 2021">{{cite web | title=Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt von UNESCO ausgezeichnet | website=Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission | date=24 July 2021 | url=https://www.unesco.de/kultur-und-natur/welterbe/mathildenhoehe-darmstadt-von-unesco-ausgezeichnet | language=de | access-date=29 July 2021 | archive-date=26 July 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726094732/https://www.unesco.de/kultur-und-natur/welterbe/mathildenhoehe-darmstadt-von-unesco-ausgezeichnet | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Sports ===
[[File:Match Frankfurt - Marseille in November 2018.jpg|thumb|[[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Deutsche Bank Park]] (football stadium) in [[Frankfurt]]]]
[[File:Eishockey Darmstadt-dukes rt-bad-nauheim.jpg|thumb|Hockey match Darmstadt Dukes VS RT Bad Nauheim]]
Frankfurt hosts the following professional sports teams or clubs:

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Eintracht Frankfurt (women)|1. FFC Frankfurt]] (1998–2020), [[Association football|football]] (women)
* [[Eintracht Frankfurt]], [[Association football|football]] (men, women)
* [[FSV Frankfurt]], [[Association football|football]] (men)
* [[Rot-Weiss Frankfurt]], [[Association football|football]]
* [[Frankfurter FC Germania 1894]], [[Association football|football]]
* [[Skyliners Frankfurt]], [[basketball]]
* [[Frankfurt Galaxy (NFL Europe)|Frankfurt Galaxy]] (1991–2007), [[NFL Europe|American football]]
* [[Frankfurt Universe]] (2007–present), [[German Football League|American football]]
* [[Frankfurter Löwen]] (1979–1984), [[German Football League|American football]]
* [[Frankfurt Sarsfields GAA]], [[Gaelic football]]
* [[Frankfurt Lions]] (until 2010), [[ice hockey]]
* [[Löwen Frankfurt]] (since 2010), [[ice hockey]]
* [[SC 1880 Frankfurt]], [[rugby union]]
{{div col end}}

Frankfurt is host to the [[Classic cycle races|classic cycle]] race [[Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop]] (known as ''Rund um den Henninger-Turm'' from 1961 to 2008). The city hosts also the annual [[Frankfurt Marathon]] and the [[Ironman Germany]].

Outside Frankfurt, notable professional sports teams include [[Kickers Offenbach]], [[SV Darmstadt 98]], [[Marburg Mercenaries]], [[Gießen 46ers]], [[MT Melsungen]], [[VfB Friedberg]], and the [[Kassel Huskies]].

=== TV and radio stations ===
The Hessian state broadcasting corporation is called HR ([[Hessischer Rundfunk]]). HR is a member of the federal [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] broadcasting association. HR provides a statewide TV channel as well as a range of regional radio stations (HR&nbsp;1, HR&nbsp;2, HR&nbsp;3, HR&nbsp;4, you&nbsp;fm and HR&nbsp;info). Besides the state run HR, privately run TV stations exist and are an important line of commerce. Among the commercial radio stations that are active in Hesse, Hit Radio FFH, Planet Radio, Harmony FM, Radio BOB and Antenne Frankfurt are the most popular.