Editing Helvetica (section)

=== Zhukov and Kurbatov version ===
In 1963, two students at the Moscow Print Institute designed their own version of Helvetica, one of whom, Maxim Zhukov, would become one of the [[Soviet Union]]'s most prominent typographers. Zhukov and his partner Yuri Kurbatov used upright cursive forms for several of the lowercase letters, which allowed for several of the Helvetica forms to be transferred more directly into Cyrillic.

Their version received widespread use in phototypesetting, especially among other students at the Moscow Print Institute, despite never being commercially released. Zhukov and Kurbatov attempted to publish the typeface in 1964 but were rejected due to the font's being too closely associated with [[capitalism]]; this was one of the major factors as to why an official Cyrillic Helvetica, ''Pragmatica'', would not be released in the [[Soviet bloc]] until [[perestroika]] in 1989.<ref name="Soyuz Grotesk Temporary State"/><ref>Goritsky, Roman (November 23, 2020). [https://letters.temporarystate.net/entry/5/  Gramatika: On Type Measurements, Hyphen Spacings and Other Minor Considerations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126020325/https://letters.temporarystate.net/entry/5/ |date=2020-11-26 }}. ''Notes from the Temporary State''. Retrieved December 24, 2020.</ref>{{efn|The lowercase forms of Sowjietische Haas Grotesk were digitized as "Soyuz Grotesk" by Roman Gornitsky and released under a free license by The Temporary State. Gornitsky added a Latin script, which he reconstructed in the same way Sowjietische Haas Grotesk had been constructed from Helvetica but in reverse, by using the [[Faux Cyrillic|Cyrillic forms and adapting them to Latin]].<ref name="Typographica Soyuz Grotesk" /><ref name="Soyuz Grotesk Temporary State"/>}}