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== References == {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="IBM350">{{cite web | url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_350.html | title=IBM Archives: IBM 350 disk storage unit | access-date=October 19, 2012 | date=January 23, 2003 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531032031/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_350.html | archive-date=May 31, 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=headcrash>{{cite web | url = http://www.escotal.com/harddrive.html | title = Hard Drives | website = escotal.com | access-date = July 16, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110903080111/http://www.escotal.com/harddrive.html | archive-date = September 3, 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-6">{{cite web | url = http://www.data-master.com/HeadCrash-explain-hard-disk-drive-fail_Q18.html | title = What is a "head-crash" & how can it result in permanent loss of my hard drive data? | website = data-master.com | access-date = July 16, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110708233813/http://www.data-master.com/HeadCrash-explain-hard-disk-drive-fail_Q18.html | archive-date = July 8, 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-7">{{cite web | url = http://www.hard-drive-help.com/technology.html | title = Hard Drive Help | website = hardrivehelp.com | access-date = July 16, 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110903011543/http://www.hard-drive-help.com/technology.html | archive-date = September 3, 2011 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-8">{{cite web | url=https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JuliaSherlis.shtml | title=Thickness of a piece of paper | first=Juliya | last=Sherlis | year=2001 | website=The Physics Factbook | editor-last=Elert | editor-first=Glenn |access-date=July 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608160141/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JuliaSherlis.shtml |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-9">[http://www.matesy.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=80&lang=en CMOS-MagView] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113080808/http://www.matesy.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=80&lang=en |date=January 13, 2012 }} is an instrument that visualizes magnetic field structures and strengths.</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-10">{{cite web | url = http://www.hitachigst.com/tech/techlib.nsf/techdocs/33c6a76df9338b0a86256d34007054c0/%24file/why7200mobilehdds.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419091304/http://www.hitachigst.com/tech/techlib.nsf/techdocs/33c6a76df9338b0a86256d34007054c0/$file/why7200mobilehdds.pdf | title = Why 7,200 RPM Mobile Hard Disk Drives? | first = Walker C. | last = Blount | date = November 2007 | access-date = July 17, 2011 | archive-date=April 19, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-15">{{cite web | url = http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/terabyte-territory | title = Terabyte Territory | publisher = American Scientist | first = Brian | last = Hayes | volume = 90 | issue = No 3 (MayβJune 2002) | page = 212 | access-date = September 20, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140708221725/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/terabyte-territory | archive-date = July 8, 2014 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-16">{{cite web | url = http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2004_12/pr1401.htm | title = Press Releases December 14, 2004 | publisher = Toshiba | access-date = March 13, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090414064812/http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2004_12/pr1401.htm | archive-date = April 14, 2009 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-17">{{cite web | url = http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/products/laptops/momentus/ | title = Seagate Momentus 2Β½" HDDs per webpage January 2008 | website = Seagate.com | date = October 24, 2008 | access-date = March 13, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090311133828/http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/products/laptops/momentus | archive-date = March 11, 2009 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-18">{{cite web | url = http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/products/desktops/barracuda_hard_drives/ | title = Seagate Barracuda 3Β½" HDDs per webpage January 2008 | website = Seagate.com | access-date = March 13, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090314041031/http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/products/desktops/barracuda_hard_drives/ | archive-date = March 14, 2009 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-19">{{cite web | url = http://www.wdc.com/en/company/investor/q108remarks.asp | title = Western Digital Scorpio 2Β½" and Greenpower 3Β½" HDDs per quarterly conference, July 2007 | website = Wdc.com | access-date = March 13, 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090316015932/http://www.wdc.com/en/company/investor/q108remarks.asp | archive-date = March 16, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-19a">{{cite journal | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222074314 | title = Exchange spring recording media for areal densities up to 10Tbit/in2 |journal= J. Magn. Mag. Mat. |author=D. Suess |display-authors=etal |year=2004 }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-19b">{{cite journal |title=Composite media for perpendicular magnetic recording |journal=IEEE Trans. Mag. Mat. |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=537β542 |author=R. Victora |display-authors=etal |year=2005 |doi=10.1109/TMAG.2004.838075 |bibcode=2005ITM....41..537V |s2cid=29531529 }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-21">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181010031401/https://www.hgst.com/sites/default/files/resources/IDRC_WP_final.pdf "Iterative Detection Read Channel Technology in Hard Disk Drives"], Hitachi</ref> <ref name="Coughlin">{{cite web | url = https://ewh.ieee.org/r6/scv/mag/MtgSum/Meeting2012_06_Presentation.pdf | title = Years of Destiny: HDD Capital Spending and Technology Developments from 2012β2016 | author1 = Coughlin, Thomas | author2 = Grochowski, Edward | date = June 19, 2012 | publisher = IEEE Santa Clara Valley Magnetics Society | access-date = October 9, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130302180119/http://ewh.ieee.org/r6/scv/mag/MtgSum/Meeting2012_06_Presentation.pdf | archive-date = March 2, 2013 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-22">{{cite magazine | url = https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2368023,00.asp | title = Will Toshiba's Bit-Patterned Drives Change the HDD Landscape? | magazine = PC Magazine | date = August 19, 2010 | access-date = August 21, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100822220804/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2368023,00.asp | archive-date = August 22, 2010 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="SAS">{{citation | title = Information technology β Serial Attached SCSI β 2 (SAS-2), INCITS 457 Draft 2, May 8, 2009, chapter 4.1 Direct-access block device type model overview | quote = The LBAs on a logical unit shall begin with zero and shall be contiguous up to the last logical block on the logical unit.}}</ref> <ref name="SATA">ISO/IEC 791D:1994, AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives (ATA-1), section 7.1.2</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-38">{{cite web | url = http://blogs.netapp.com/efficiency/2009/08/measuring-storage-efficiency-part-ii-taxes.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720131225/http://blogs.netapp.com/efficiency/2009/08/measuring-storage-efficiency-part-ii-taxes.html| title = How to Measure Storage Efficiency β Part II β Taxes | publisher = Blogs.netapp.com | date=August 14, 2009 |access-date=April 26, 2012 | archive-date=July 20, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="SeagateStorageGuide">{{cite web | url = https://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/partners/my%20spp%20dashboard/learn/en-us/docs/amer-stx-storage-solutions-guide-Oct-2012.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620212124/http://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/partners/my%20spp%20dashboard/learn/en-us/docs/amer-stx-storage-solutions-guide-Oct-2012.pdf | title = Storage Solutions Guide | publisher = Seagate | date = October 2012 | access-date = June 8, 2013 | archive-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="WD2">{{cite web |url=http://sdd.toshiba.com/techdocs/MKxx33GSG_MK1235GSL_r1.pdf |title=MKxx33GSG MK1235GSL r1 |publisher=Toshiba |access-date=January 7, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122075109/http://sdd.toshiba.com/techdocs/MKxx33GSG_MK1235GSL_r1.pdf |archive-date=November 22, 2009 }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-26">{{cite web | url = http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/650/650_pr2.html | title = 650 RAMAC announcement | date = January 23, 2003 | access-date = May 23, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110605130810/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/650/650_pr2.html | archive-date = June 5, 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-27">Mulvany, R.B., "Engineering Design of a Disk Storage Facility with Data Modules". IBM JRD, November 1974</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-28">Introduction to IBM Direct Access Storage Devices, M. Bohl, IBM publication SR20-4738. 1981.</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-29">[http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/discs/brochures/ProductLine_Oct74.pdf CDC Product Line Card] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605112046/http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/discs/brochures/ProductLine_Oct74.pdf |date=June 5, 2011 }}, October 1974.</ref> <ref name="Apple">{{cite web | url = https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201402 | title = How OS X and iOS report storage capacity | author = Apple Support Team | publisher = Apple, Inc. | access-date = March 15, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170043/https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201402 | archive-date = April 2, 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="WDSettle">{{cite news | url = https://www.foxnews.com/story/western-digital-settles-hard-drive-capacity-lawsuit | title = Western Digital Settles Hard-Drive Capacity Lawsuit, Associated Press June 28, 2006 | publisher = Fox News | date = March 22, 2001 | access-date = May 24, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190524225524/https://www.foxnews.com/story/western-digital-settles-hard-drive-capacity-lawsuit | archive-date = May 24, 2019 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-30">{{cite web | first = Phil | last = Cogar | url = http://www.bit-tech.net/news/bits/2007/10/26/seagate_lawsuit_concludes_settlement_announced/1 | title = Seagate lawsuit concludes, settlement announced | publisher = Bit-tech.net | date = October 26, 2007 | access-date = April 26, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120320020954/http://www.bit-tech.net/news/bits/2007/10/26/seagate_lawsuit_concludes_settlement_announced/1 | archive-date = March 20, 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-31">{{cite web | url = http://www.xtremesystems.org/forums/showthread.php?t=93512 | title = Western Digital β Notice of Class Action Settlement email | publisher=Xtremesystems.org | access-date = April 26, 2012 }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-39">Emerson W. Pugh, Lyle R. Johnson, John H. Palmer ''IBM's 360 and early 370 systems'' MIT Press, 1991 {{ISBN|0-262-16123-0}}, page 266.</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-51">[http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800474064_499486_NT_3335be30.HTM Flash price fall shakes HDD market], EETimes Asia, August 1, 2007. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201232357/http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800474064_499486_NT_3335be30.HTM |date=February 1, 2008 }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-52">[http://www.samsung.com/global/business/hdd/newsView.do?b2b_bbs_msg_id=143 In 2008 Samsung] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616035929/http://www.samsung.com/global/business/hdd/newsView.do?b2b_bbs_msg_id=143 |date=June 16, 2011 }} introduced the 1.3-inch SpinPoint A1 HDD but by March 2009 the family was listed as [http://www.samsung.com/global/business/hdd/products/Product_EOLProducts.html End Of Life Products] and new 1.3-inch models were not available in this size. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211054619/http://www.samsung.com/global/business/hdd/products/Product_EOLProducts.html |date=February 11, 2009 }}</ref> <!--ref name="AutoMK-66">{{cite web | url = http://www.wdc.com/en/company/glossaryofterms/wdglossarycontent.asp | title = Western Digital definition of ''Average Access Time'' | publisher = Wdc.com | date = July 1, 2006 | access-date = April 26, 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120427074538/http://www.wdc.com/en/company/glossaryofterms/wdglossarycontent.asp | archive-date = April 27, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}</ref--> <ref name="itworld-2001-04-18">{{cite news |title=How to defrag |first=Dave |last=Kearns |date=April 18, 2001 |newspaper=ITWorld |url=http://www.itworld.com/NWW01041100636262 |access-date=November 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220000835/http://www.itworld.com/NWW01041100636262 |archive-date=February 20, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-67">{{cite news | title = Turning Off Disk Defragmenter May Solve a Sluggish PC | first = Rick | last = Broida | newspaper = PCWorld | date = April 10, 2009 | url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/162955/turning_off_disk_defragmenter_may_solve_a_sluggish_pc.html | access-date = November 26, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101108094534/http://www.pcworld.com/article/162955/turning_off_disk_defragmenter_may_solve_a_sluggish_pc.html | archive-date = November 8, 2010 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-71">{{cite web|url=http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/support/before_you_buy/speed_considerations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210155634/http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/support/before_you_buy/speed_considerations|title=Speed Considerations|publisher=Seagate|access-date=January 22, 2011|archive-date=February 10, 2011}}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-79">{{cite web|url=http://gaussianwaves.blogspot.com/2008/06/reed-solomon-codes-introduction.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708040145/http://gaussianwaves.blogspot.com/2008/06/reed-solomon-codes-introduction.html|archive-date=July 8, 2011|title=Reed Solomon Codes β Introduction}}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-80">{{cite web |url=https://www.karlstechnology.com/blog/hard-drive-air-filters/ |title=Micro House PC Hardware Library Volume I: Hard Drives |first=Scott |last=Mueler |publisher=Macmillan Computer Publishing |access-date=May 24, 2019 |date=February 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524232939/https://www.karlstechnology.com/blog/hard-drive-air-filters/ |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-81">{{cite web | url = http://apex.aero/Portals/0/harddisk.pdf | title = Ruggedized Disk Drives for Commercial Airborne Computer Systems |first1=Robert G. |last1=Kaseta | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120504043804/http://apex.aero/Portals/0/harddisk.pdf | archive-date = May 4, 2012 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-98">{{cite web | url = https://biometricsecurityproducts.org/biometric-safe/back-up-your-important-data-to-external-hard-disk-drive.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525025411/http://biometricsecurityproducts.org/biometric-safe/back-up-your-important-data-to-external-hard-disk-drive.html| title = Back Up Your Important Data to External Hard disk drive | Biometric Safe | Info and Products Reviews about Biometric Security Device β | publisher = Biometricsecurityproducts.org | date = July 26, 2011 | access-date = April 26, 2012|archive-date=May 25, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="AutoMK-99">{{cite web |url=https://www.intel.com/content/dam/support/us/en/documents/server-products/Enterprise_vs_Desktop_HDDs_2.0.pdf |title=Enterprise-class versus Desktop class Hard Drives |publisher=Intel |access-date=September 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803170316/http://www.intel.com/content/dam/support/us/en/documents/server-products/Enterprise_vs_Desktop_HDDs_2.0.pdf |archive-date=August 3, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="erwpnw">{{Cite web |url=http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/marketing/po_cheetah_15k_5.pdf |title=Seagate Cheetah 15K.5 Data Sheet |access-date=December 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228051734/http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/marketing/po_cheetah_15k_5.pdf |archive-date=December 28, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> }}
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