Editing Gene expression (section)

==Techniques and tools==

The following experimental techniques are used to measure gene expression and are listed in roughly chronological order, starting with the older, more established technologies. They are divided into two groups based on their degree of [[multiplex (assay)|multiplexity]].
* Low-to-mid-plex techniques:
** [[Reporter gene]]
** [[Northern blot]]
** [[Western blot]]<ref name="Song2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Song Y, Wang W, Qu X, Sun S | title = Effects of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) on the growth & adhesion in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells | journal = The Indian Journal of Medical Research | volume = 129 | issue = 2 | pages = 154–163 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19293442 }}</ref>
** [[Fluorescent in situ hybridization]]
** [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|Reverse transcription PCR]]
* Higher-plex techniques:
** [[Serial analysis of gene expression|SAGE]]<ref name="Hanriot2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hanriot L, Keime C, Gay N, Faure C, Dossat C, Wincker P, Scoté-Blachon C, Peyron C, Gandrillon O | title = A combination of LongSAGE with Solexa sequencing is well suited to explore the depth and the complexity of transcriptome | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 9 | pages = 418 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18796152 | pmc = 2562395 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-9-418 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
** [[DNA microarray]]<ref name="Wheelan2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wheelan SJ, Martínez Murillo F, Boeke JD | title = The incredible shrinking world of DNA microarrays | journal = Molecular BioSystems | volume = 4 | issue = 7 | pages = 726–732 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18563246 | pmc = 2535915 | doi = 10.1039/b706237k }}</ref>
** [[Tiling array]]<ref name="Miyakoshi2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Miyakoshi M, Nishida H, Shintani M, Yamane H, Nojiri H | title = High-resolution mapping of plasmid transcriptomes in different host bacteria | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 10 | pages = 12 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19134166 | pmc = 2642839 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-10-12 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
** [[RNA-Seq]]<ref name="Denoeud2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Denoeud F, Aury JM, Da Silva C, Noel B, Rogier O, Delledonne M, Morgante M, Valle G, Wincker P, Scarpelli C, Jaillon O, Artiguenave F | title = Annotating genomes with massive-scale RNA sequencing | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = R175 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19087247 | pmc = 2646279 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2008-9-12-r175 | doi-access = free }}</ref>