Editing Gatwick Airport (section)

==Accidents and incidents==
* 15 September 1936 – A [[British Airways Ltd]] [[de Havilland Express|de Havilland DH 86]] on a night mail flight to Germany crashed on takeoff, killing the airline's chief pilot and two crew members.<ref name="September1936Crash1">{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%202620.html |title=The Gatwick Accident, Commercial Aviation |journal=[[Flight International|Flight]] |date=24 September 1936 |page=327 |access-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306205551/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%202620.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="September1936Crash2">{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%202865.html |title=Gatwick and Mirabella, Commercial Aviation |journal=Flight |date=22 October 1936 |page=420 |access-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306204444/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%202865.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* November 1936 – A [[British Airways Ltd]] [[Fokker F.XII|Fokker F 12]] crashed in a wood {{convert|4.5|mi}} south of Gatwick on its [[final approach]] to the airport under a low [[ceiling (cloud)|ceiling]] in poor visibility, killing both pilots and seriously injuring the [[flight engineer]].<ref name="November1936Crash">{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%203281.html |title=The Crawley Accident, Commercial Aviation |journal=Flight |date=20 November 1936 |page=590 |access-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306204709/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%203281.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 17 February 1959 – A [[Turkish Airlines]] [[Vickers Viscount 700|Vickers Viscount 794D]] (registration: TC-SEV) on an [[1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash|international charter flight crashed in heavy fog]] at [[Newdigate]], Surrey, on its approach to Gatwick after striking trees. Fourteen of the 24 on board died, and Turkish Prime Minister [[Adnan Menderes]] was amongst the survivors.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/17/newsid_2546000/2546299.stm |title=1959: Turkish leader involved in fatal crash |work=BBC News |date=17 February 1979 |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221114919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/17/newsid_2546000/2546299.stm |archive-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Incidents">{{cite web |url=http://www.surrey-constabulary.com/major_incidents.26.html |work=Surrey Constabulary History |title=Major Incidents |publisher=Robert Bartlett |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510113220/http://www.surrey-constabulary.com/major_incidents.26.html |archive-date=10 May 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gatwickaviationsociety.org.uk/TC-SEV.asp |title=Ministry of Aviation – Civil Aircraft Accident: Report on the Accident to Vickers Viscount 794 TC-SEV at London (Gatwick) Airport on 17&nbsp;February 1959 |publisher=Gatwick Aviation Society |access-date=15 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216082906/http://www.gatwickaviationsociety.org.uk/TC-SEV.asp |archive-date=16 December 2007 }}</ref>
* 5 January 1969 – A [[Boeing 727-100C|Boeing 727-113C]] (registration: YA-FAR) operating as [[Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701]] arriving from [[Frankfurt Airport]], Germany, crashed into a house in [[Fernhill, West Sussex|Fernhill]] (near [[Horley]], Surrey) in low visibility. The flaps were not extended to maintain flight at final-approach speed. 48 of the 62 on board died, in addition to two on the ground.<ref name="Incidents"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=01051969&reg=YA-FAR&airline=Ariana+Afghan+Airlines |title=Accident Database query – Ariana Afghan Airlines |publisher=Airdisaster.com |date=5 January 1969 |access-date=15 August 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811185515/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=01051969&reg=YA-FAR&airline=Ariana%2BAfghan%2BAirlines |archive-date=11 August 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%201741.html |title=Ariana 727 Accident Cause, World News |work=Flight International |date=3 September 1970 |page=329 |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306204855/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1970/1970%20-%201741.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gatwickaviationsociety.org.uk/YA-FAR.asp |title=Board of Trade – Civil Aircraft Accident: Report on the Accident to Boeing 727-113C YA-FAR 1.5 miles east of London (Gatwick) Airport on 5&nbsp;January&nbsp;1969 |publisher=Gatwick Aviation Society |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907045653/http://www.gatwickaviationsociety.org.uk/YA-FAR.asp |archive-date=7 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 28 January 1972 – A [[British Caledonian]] [[Vickers VC10|Vickers VC10-1109]] (registration: G-ARTA) with no passengers aboard sustained severe structural damage as a result of a [[hard landing]] at Gatwick at the end of a short ferry flight from Heathrow, where the aircraft had been diverted due to fog at Gatwick. After touching down runway 08 and applying [[spoiler (aeronautics)|spoiler]]s and [[reverse thrust]], the aircraft became airborne again, bounced twice and landed heavily. This resulted in a burst front wheel tyre, a separated wheel and a crumpled fuselage (immediately in front of and behind the wings).<ref name="Woodley_60">''Classic Airliner'' (VC10 – The story of a classic jet airliner: Disposal of British Caledonian VC10s), p. 60, Key Publishing, Stamford, 2015</ref> A survey of the aircraft's damage revealed that its [[airframe]] was bent out of shape, requiring extensive repairs to restore [[airworthiness]]. Since the repairs were not cost-effective, the airline's management decided to [[cannibalization (parts)|cannibalise]] the aircraft for spare parts before scrapping it at Gatwick in 1975.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vc10.net/History/Individual/GARTA.html |title=A little 'VC10'derness—Individual Histories: G-ARTA |publisher=Vc10.net |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018095149/http://www.vc10.net/History/Individual/GARTA.html |archive-date=18 October 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720128-0 |title=ASN Aircraft incident description Vickers VC-10-1109 G-ARTA—London Gatwick Airport (LGW) |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |access-date=15 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606091415/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720128-0 |archive-date=6 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 20 July 1975 – A [[British Island Airways]] (BIA) [[Handley Page Dart Herald#Specifications (Dart Herald 200)|Handley Page Dart Herald 201]] (registration: G-APWF) was involved in a runway accident while departing on a scheduled flight to Guernsey. The aircraft lifted off from runway 26 after a ground run of {{convert|2490|ft|m}} and appeared airborne for {{convert|411|ft|m|abbr=on}} (with its landing gear retracting) before the rear underside of the fuselage settled back onto the runway and brought the aircraft to a stop. An investigation concluded that the landing gear was retracted before the aircraft had become established in a climb and the flap setting and takeoff speed were incorrect. Although the aircraft incurred substantial damage, none of the 45 occupants were hurt.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/publications/formal_reports/4_1977_g_apwf.cfm |title=Report No: 4/1977. Report on the accident to Handley Page Herald Series 201, G-APWF at Gatwick Airport, 20 July 1975 |work=UK AAIB |access-date=26 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601192852/http://www.aaib.gov.uk/publications/formal_reports/4_1977_g_apwf.cfm |archive-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 29 December 2014 – A [[Virgin Atlantic]] [[Boeing 747-400]] (Registration: G-VROM) suffered a loss of hydraulic fluid whilst en route to [[Las Vegas]]. Shortly after departure, an alarm prompted the crew to return to Gatwick, when they discovered that an improperly installed actuator had caused the right wing landing gear to not deploy. The aircraft successfully landed on 3 main landing-gear bogies and was returned to service on 11 January 2015.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.flightglobal.com/virgin-747-gear-jammed-after-actuator-fitted-upside-down/118591.article| title=Virgin 747 gear jammed after actuator fitted upside-down| first=David| last=Kaminski-Morrow |date=20 October 2015 | website=Flight Global| access-date=27 August 2021| archive-date=27 August 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827142248/https://www.flightglobal.com/virgin-747-gear-jammed-after-actuator-fitted-upside-down/118591.article| url-status=live }}</ref>
*19–21 December 2018 – A [[Gatwick Airport drone incident|major disruption to the airport]] was caused by reports of [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] sightings close to the runway. The runway was closed and all flights were suspended for about six hours on 19 December. The airport reopened at 03:01 the next morning until another reported sighting prompted another closing about 45 minutes later. As of 00:15 on 21 December, the airport was still closed with about 110,000 passengers and 760 flights affected.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-46640033| title=Police 'could shoot down' Gatwick drone| date=20 December 2018| work=BBC News|location=Tunbridge Wells|publisher=BBC English Regions| access-date=21 December 2018| language=en-GB| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220235133/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-46640033| archive-date=20 December 2018| url-status=live}}</ref> Officials called the drone flying a "deliberate act of disruption", but did not classify it as terrorism.<ref name="BBC_Drone_Dec_2018">{{cite news |title=Drones ground flights at Gatwick |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-46623754 |work=BBC News |date=20 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220140742/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-46623754 |archive-date=20 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The army was deployed to assist the police in resolving the incident.<ref name="BBC-46623754">{{cite news |title=Gatwick Airport: Army called in amid drone chaos |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-46640033 |work=BBC News |access-date=20 December 2018 |date=20 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220190111/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-46640033 |archive-date=20 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The runway reopened with limited capacity around 06:00 that day.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-46643173| title=Gatwick runway reopens after drone chaos| date=21 December 2018| work=BBC News| access-date=21 December 2018| language=en-GB| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221093352/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-46643173| archive-date=21 December 2018| url-status=live}}</ref> Authorities suspended flights again from 17:10 to 18:23 on 21 December. Later that day a man and a woman were arrested in connection with the incident;<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/22/gatwick-drone-arrests-two-people-held-over-disruption-of-airport| title=Gatwick drone arrests: two people held over disruption of airport| date=22 December 2018| newspaper=The Guardian| location=London| access-date=22 December 2018| language=en-GB| issn=0261-3077| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222021134/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/22/gatwick-drone-arrests-two-people-held-over-disruption-of-airport| archive-date=22 December 2018| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release| url=http://news.sussex.police.uk/news/two-arrested-in-drone-disruption-at-gatwick-343013| title=Two arrested in drone disruption at Gatwick| publisher=Sussex Police| language=en| access-date=22 December 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222160132/https://news.sussex.police.uk/news/two-arrested-in-drone-disruption-at-gatwick-343013| archive-date=22 December 2018| url-status=dead}}</ref> the pair were released without charge on 23 December with Sussex Police saying that they "are no longer suspects".<ref name="telegraph2312">{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/23/gatwick-drone-arrested-couple-released-without-charge/|title=Gatwick drone: Arrested couple are released without charge - as £50k reward is offered to catch culprit| first1=Martin| last1=Evans| first2=Izzy| last2=Lyons| first3=Charles| last3=Hymas| date=23 December 2018| access-date=23 December 2018| newspaper=The Daily Telegraph| location=London| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223113115/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/23/gatwick-drone-arrested-couple-released-without-charge/| archive-date=23 December 2018| url-status=live}}</ref>
*26 February 2020 – a [[Titan Airways]] [[Airbus A320|Airbus A321-211]] reported engine surge after takeoff. A few moments later, the other engine stalled. The aircraft landed safely at Gatwick eleven minutes after takeoff. The [[Air Accidents Investigation Branch]] determined fuel [[contamination]] following defective maintenance had gone undetected for two days and caused the incident. Safety recommendations were made to the [[European Union Aviation Safety Agency]], and changes were made by organisations including [[Airbus]] and the [[International Air Transport Association]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Dunford |first=Mark |date=5 May 2021 |title=Airbus' engine malfunction after takeoff from London Gatwick Airport 'could have had a catastrophic outcome', says chief |url=https://www.crawleyobserver.co.uk/news/airbus-engine-malfunction-after-takeoff-from-london-gatwick-airport-could-have-had-a-catastrophic-outcome-says-chief-3225854 |newspaper=The Crawley Observer |access-date=5 May 2021 |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505194714/https://www.crawleyobserver.co.uk/news/airbus-engine-malfunction-after-takeoff-from-london-gatwick-airport-could-have-had-a-catastrophic-outcome-says-chief-3225854 |url-status=live }}</ref>