Editing Famine (section)

====20th century====
Famine still occurred in [[Eastern Europe]] during the 20th century. Droughts and famines in [[Imperial Russia]] are known to have happened every 10 to 13 years, with average droughts happening every 5 to 7 years. Russia experienced eleven major famines between 1845 and 1922, one of the worst being the [[Russian famine of 1891–1892|famine of 1891–1892]].<ref>[[Alan Macfarlane]]. "[http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF The Dimension of Famine]" (PDF). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517095451/http://www.alanmacfarlane.com/savage/A-FAM.PDF |date=17 May 2011 }}</ref> The [[Russian famine of 1921–22]] killed an estimated 5 million.
[[File:No-nb bldsa 6a030.jpg|thumb|Victims of the [[Russian famine of 1921–1922]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]]]

[[Famines in Russia and USSR|Famines continued]] in the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] era, the most notorious being the ''[[Holodomor]]'' in various parts of the country, especially the [[Volga Region|Volga]], and the Ukrainian and northern [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] SSR's during the winter of 1932–1933. The [[Soviet famine of 1932–1933]] is nowadays reckoned to have cost an estimated 6 million lives.<ref>Stéphane Courtois, Mark Kramer. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC&pg=PA206 Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916142527/https://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC&pg=PA206 |date=16 September 2023 }}''. Harvard University Press, 1999. p. 206. {{ISBN|0-674-07608-7}}</ref> The [[Soviet Famine of 1947|last major famine]] in the USSR happened in 1947 due to the severe [[drought]] and the mismanagement of grain reserves by the Soviet government.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ellman |first1=Michael |s2cid=45613622 |title=The 1947 Soviet famine and the entitlement approach to famines |journal=Cambridge Journal of Economics |date=1 September 2000 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=603–30 |doi=10.1093/cje/24.5.603 }}</ref>

The [[Hunger Plan]], i.e. the Nazi plan to starve large sections of the Soviet population, caused the deaths of many. The Russian Academy of Sciences in 1995 reported civilian victims in the USSR at German hands, including Jews, totaled 13.7 million dead, 20% of the 68 million persons in the occupied USSR. This included 4.1 million famine and disease deaths in occupied territory. There were an additional estimated 3 million famine deaths in areas of the USSR not under German occupation.<ref>The Russian Academy of Science Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. ''Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei''. Saint Petersburg 1995 {{ISBN|5-86789-023-6}}</ref>

The 872 days of the [[Siege of Leningrad]] (1941–1944) caused unparalleled famine in the Leningrad region through disruption of utilities, water, energy and food supplies. This resulted in the deaths of about one million people.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=24841 |work=[[The St. Petersburg Times (Russia)|The St. Petersburg Times]] | title=Last Battle of Siege of Leningrad Re-Enacted |first=Irina |last=Titova |date=29 January 2008 |access-date=1 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818002907/http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=24841 |archive-date=18 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Famine also struck in [[Western Europe]] during the [[Second World War]]. In the Netherlands, the {{Lang|nl|[[Dutch famine of 1944|Hongerwinter]]}} of 1944 killed approximately 30,000 people. Some other areas of Europe also experienced famine at the same time.