Editing Falsifiability (section)

===Methodless creativity versus inductive methodology===

{{main | The problem of induction}}
As described in section {{slink||Naive falsificationism}}, Lakatos and Popper agreed that universal laws cannot be logically deduced (except from laws that say even more). But unlike Popper, Lakatos felt that if the explanation for new laws cannot be deductive, it must be inductive. He urged Popper explicitly to adopt some inductive principle<ref name="zaharonlakatosurgedpoppertouseinduction" group=upper-alpha /> and sets himself the task to find an inductive methodology.<ref name="LakatosAnnouncesInductiveRules" group=upper-alpha /> However, the methodology that he found did not offer any exact inductive rules. In a response to Kuhn, Feyerabend and Musgrave, Lakatos acknowledged that the methodology depends on the good judgment of the scientists.<ref name="LakatosRetractOnInductivism" group=upper-alpha /> Feyerabend wrote in "Against Method" that Lakatos's methodology of scientific research programmes is epistemological anarchism in disguise<ref name="Lakatosanarchist" group=upper-alpha /> and Musgrave made a similar comment.<ref name="MusgraveLakatosanarchist" group=upper-alpha /> In more recent work, Feyerabend says that Lakatos uses rules, but whether or not to follow any of these rules is left to the judgment of the scientists.<ref name="FeyerabendOnLakatosUseJudgement" group=upper-alpha /> This is also discussed elsewhere.<ref name="lakatosmethodologybasedonjudgment" group=upper-alpha />

Popper also offered a methodology with rules, but these rules are also not-inductive rules, because they are not by themselves used to accept laws or establish their validity.<!-- Here we can use the Myth of the Framework p. 103 as reference.--> They do that through the creativity or "good judgment" of the scientists only. For Popper, the required non deductive component of science never had to be an inductive methodology. He always viewed this component as a creative process beyond the explanatory reach of any rational methodology, but yet used to decide which theories should be studied and applied, find good problems and guess useful conjectures.<ref name="zaharoncreativedecisions" group=upper-alpha /> Quoting Einstein to support his view, Popper said that this renders obsolete the need for an inductive methodology or logical path to the laws.<ref group=upper-alpha>{{harvnb|Popper|1959|loc=Sec. Elimination of Psychologism}}</ref><ref name="einsteinnologicalpath" group=upper-alpha /><ref name="einsteinoncreativityandmathematics" group=upper-alpha /> For Popper, no inductive methodology was ever proposed to satisfactorily explain science.